真菌漆酶在绿色化学中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0824

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 漆酶主要是由真菌分泌的一类胞外多铜氧化酶,因其具备多功能特性而被广泛地应用于绿色环境化学。漆酶能够以分子氧作为电子接受体,催化氧化多种酚类和非酚类底物形成自由基中间体,随后这些自由基中间体涉及到氧化耦合或键断裂,最终导致底物发生氧化、分解或聚合反应。目前,主要采用包埋、吸附、共价绑定和交联结合等方法制备固定化漆酶,以增强漆酶在实际环境中的催化活性、稳定性和循环再利用功效。概述了真菌漆酶的分子组成、结构特性及其催化氧化不同底物的作用机理,系统地比较了漆酶的固定化技术及其利弊,重点阐述了漆酶在有机污染物去除、合成染料脱色、造纸废水、食品加工、生物传感器和环境质量指示器等领域的研究进展,旨在为拓展和开发真菌漆酶在绿色环境化学中的多功能应用提供新的理论依据和指导思想。

关键词: 真菌漆酶, 结构特征, 固定化技术, 漆酶的应用, 绿色化学

Abstract: Laccase is a kind of extracellular multi-copper oxidase secreted by fungi. It is widely used in green environmental chemistry because of its multifunctional property. It is proved that the copper-cluster of laccase can catalyze one-electron oxidative of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates via yielding radical intermediates. Then these radical intermediates involved in oxidative coupling or bond rupture,resulting in substrate oxidation,decomposition or polymerization. At present,the methods for immobilization of laccase are primarily divided into four categories including encapsulation in a carrier,adsorption on a carrier,covalent binding,and cross-linking. Compared with the free laccase,the underlying reasons for immobilization of laccase are the need to enhance the activity,stability,and recyclability of fungal laccase. In this paper,we review the molecular composition,structural characteristics,and catalytic oxidation mechanism of fungal laccase. Additionally,the main methods,advantages and disadvantages for immobilization of laccase are comparably evaluated,mainly focusing on the latest advances in the transformation and/or degradation of organic contaminants,the decolorization of synthetic dye,the treatment of paper wastewater,food processing,bio-sensors,and bio-indicators of environmental quality. It is aimed at providing new theoretical evidences and guidance for the multi-functional application of fungal laccase in green chemistry.

Key words: fungal laccase, structural characteristics, immobilization technology, laccase applications, green chemistry

龚睿, 孙凯, 谢道月. 真菌漆酶在绿色化学中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(4): 24-34.

GONG Rui, SUN Kai, XIE Dao-yue. Applications of Fungal Laccase in Green Chemistry[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(4): 24-34.

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