酿酒酵母单萜合成的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0880

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 萜类化合物是以异戊二烯为基本单元的一大类天然化合物,广泛存在于植物、微生物及昆虫中。其中,单萜类化合物主要用于高级香料及化妆品、食品添加剂、杀虫剂、除草剂和新型燃料等的生产,具有广泛的应用潜力。近年来,研究人员已构建出多种萜类化合物的酿酒酵母工程菌株,且通过代谢工程和合成生物学的方法有效提高了产品的产量。但是单萜的微生物合成却相对落后,其中前体供给不足及单萜对微生物毒性强等因素限制了其高效合成。主要从以下几个方面阐述了利用酿酒酵母合成单萜类化合物的目前研究进展：包括单萜合成酶在酿酒酵母中的表达,利用动态调控、蛋白质工程等策略增强酿酒酵母中前体香叶基焦磷酸的合成通量,减少单萜的内源性转化,提高酿酒酵母菌株对单萜的耐受性。在此基础上,结合本课题组的前期工作,针对微生物合成单萜过程中依然存在的瓶颈问题提出可能的解决策略,旨在为进一步优化酿酒酵母单萜合成细胞工厂提供参考。

关键词: 单萜, 酿酒酵母, 香叶基焦磷酸

Abstract: Terpenoids are a large class of natural compounds which are synthesized from the precursor of 5-carbon isoprene unit,and they exist widely in plants,microorganisms and insects. Among them,monoterpene-like compounds are mainly used in production of flavors,cosmetics,food additives,pesticides,herbicides and advanced biofuels,i.e.,it presents wide application potential. In recent years,many terpenoid-producing recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been constructed,and the terpenoid yield is efficiently increased through approaches of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. However,the synthesis of monoterpene by microorganism is relatively lagging behind because the lack of precursors,its toxicity to microorganisms,etc. limit the efficient synthesis of monoterpene. Here we discuss the recent advances of monoterpene synthesis in S. cerevisiae including the expression of monoterpene synthase,the enhancement of precursor geranyl pyrophosphate through dynamic regulation and the protein engineering,blocking the endogenous conversion of monoterpene,and improving the tolerance of the strains to monoterpene. There fore,we propose the feasible strategies toward resolving the bottleneck in microbial synthesis of monoterpene,aiming at providing potential references for optimizing the monoterpene-producing microbial cell factories.

Key words: monoterpene, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, geranyl pyrophosphate

伏贝贝, 赵建志, 李琛, 刘新利, 鲍晓明, 侯进. 酿酒酵母单萜合成的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(4): 60-69.

FU Bei-bei, ZHAO Jian-zhi, LI Chen, LIU Xin-li, BAO Xiao-ming, HOU Jin. Research Progresses on Monoterpene Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(4): 60-69.

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