基于适体的石英晶体微天平传感器的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-1099

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 适体（Aptamer）是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术（Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX）从人工合成的随机单链寡核苷酸文库里筛选出来的短链寡核苷酸序列,具有分子量小、结构简单、易进行修饰、靶标范围广泛,并且与靶标分子之间具有高特异性和高亲和力等特点。相应地,适体的这些独特的性质可用于制备各种不同的传感器,根据各种传感器的不同原理,本文着重概述了常用于检测适体与靶标之间亲和力的电化学生物传感器、光学生物传感器和压电晶体传感器。这3种方法的检测都具有检测时间短和检测限低的优势。其中压电晶体传感器又称石英晶体微天平（Quartz crystal microbalance,QCM）,除了在SELEX技术中可应用于表征候选适体的靶向能力外,还可用于构建高灵敏度和高特异性的适体石英晶体传感器。简要介绍了基于适体的石英晶体微天平传感器基本原理,对近年来QCM在表征和检测适体与其靶标,包括小分子、离子、蛋白质、细胞、细菌和病毒等物质相互作用的研究现状进行综述,总结分析了QCM技术的优缺点。旨在为适体的筛选以及适体在基础研究、临床诊断和疾病治疗中的进一步应用提供参考。

关键词: 适体, 传感器, 石英晶体微天平, 检测

Abstract: Aptamers are short-chain oligonucleotides sequence selected from synthetic random single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries via a technology of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment（SELEX）. They have the advantages of low molecular weight,simple structure,easily modified,and wide-ranging target,as well as high specificity and affinity with target molecules. Correspondingly,these characteristics of aptamers may be applied for preparing a variety of sensors. Accordingly to the different principles of various aptamers-based sensors to detect their targets,here we focus on electrochemical,optical,and piezoelectric crystal sensors that are commonly used for detecting the affinity between aptamers and target. These three methods all have the advantages of short detection time and low detection limit. Piezoelectric crystal sensor is also called quartz crystal microbalance（QCM）. In addition to characterization of candidate aptamers during SELEX process,aptamers-based quartz crystal sensors can be built up with QCM to detect their targets with high sensitivity and high specificity. Thus,the basic principle of aptamer-based quartz crystal microbalance sensor is briefly introduced. Further,the recently published reports of QCM on the characterization and detection of interactions between aptamers and their targets,including the small molecules,ions,proteins,cells,bacteria,and viruses,are reviewed. Moreover,the advantages and disadvantages of QCM technology are summarized and analyzed. This review is aimed at providing a reference for the screening of aptamers and their further application in basic research,clinical diagnosis and disease treatment.

Key words: aptamer, biosensor, quartz crystal microbalance, detection

吴莉婷, 苏雪, 林俊生. 基于适体的石英晶体微天平传感器的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(9): 97-103.

WU Li-ting, SU Xue, LIN Jun-sheng. Research Advances on Aptamer-based Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(9): 97-103.

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