微肥配施小分子有机物对烤烟生长及品质的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0729

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了提高烤烟对微肥的利用率及改善烟叶品质,以云烟87为材料,通过大田喷施试验（CK：喷施清水;T1：喷施微肥;T2：喷施微肥+山梨醇;T3：喷施微肥+葡萄糖酸钠;T4：喷施微肥+甘氨酸）不同处理研究了微肥配施不同小分子有机物对烤烟生长及品质的影响。结果显示：与对照及单独喷施微肥相比,微肥配施小分子有机物处理下烟株在不同生育期的株高、茎围、最大叶面积和干物质积累量均有不同程度提高;微肥配施小分子有机物能有效提高烟叶叶绿素含量,同时叶片的光合作用指标P_n、G_s、和T_r均显著高于对照处理,而C_i则显著较低（P<0.05）;有效提高了烤后烟叶叶长、叶宽、单叶重、拉力和填充值等物理特性指标,烟叶含梗率有所降低;提高了烟叶还原糖、总糖、钾、糖碱比和钾氯比等常规化学成分指标,而烟碱、总氮和氯含量有不同程度降低,同时Ca、Mg、B、Mo、Fe、Mn和Zn含量均有不同程度提高;美拉德反应产物、类胡萝卜素降解产物、茄酮及新植二烯等中性致香物质含量均表现较高,感官评吸质量亦有较大提升。研究结果表明,微肥配施小分子有机物能有效改善烤烟叶片光合特性,促进烟株生长发育,同时改善烤后烟叶品质,在本试验中以微肥配施甘氨酸处理对烤烟生长及品质提高效果最佳。

关键词: 微肥, 小分子有机物, 烤烟, 生长, 品质

Abstract: In order to improve the utilization rate of micro-fertilizer by flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves,using cultivar Yunyan 87 as the material in the field spray test,different treatments（CK：spraying water;T1：spraying micro-fertilizer;T2：spraying micro-fertilizer + sorbitol;T3：spraying micro-fertilizer + sodium gluconate;T4：spraying micro-fertilizer + glycine）were carried out to study the effects of micro-fertilizer combined with different small-molecule organic matter on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area,and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants under different growth stages increased at different degrees in combination of micro-fertilizer and small-molecule organic matter while compared with the control and sole spraying micro-fertilizer. Fertilization with small-molecule organic matter effectively increased the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves,and the photosynthesis indexes P_n,G_s,and T_r of leaves were significantly higher than that of the control,while C_i was significantly lower（P < 0.05）. Physical characteristics such as leaf width,single leaf weight,tensile force and filling value increased,while the tobacco stem stalk rate reduced. The chemical constituents such as reducing sugar,total sugar,potassium,sugar-to-alcohol ratio and potassium-chloride ratio of tobacco leaves rose at varied degree,while the contents of nicotine,total nitrogen and chlorine decreased,and the contents of Ca,Mg,B,Mo,Fe,Mn and Zn all increased at varying degrees. Maillard reaction products,carotenoid degradation products,solanone and content of neutral aroma components such as phytoene were high,and the quality of sensory evaluation was also greatly improved. The above results revealed that micro-fertilizer combined with small molecular organic matter may effectively improve the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,promote the growth and development of tobacco plants,and improve the quality flue-cured tobacco leaves. In this experiment,the effect of glycine treatment combined with micro-fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco was the best.

Key words: micro-fertilizer, small-molecule organic matter, flue-cured tobacco, growth, quality

熊亚南, 韩丹, 王发展, 马晓寒, 金伊楠, 陈彪, 曹丽君, 王晓丽, 任志广, 许自成. 微肥配施小分子有机物对烤烟生长及品质的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(2): 29-38.

XIONG Ya-nan, HAN Dan, WANG Fa-zhan, MA Xiao-han, JIN Yi-nan, CHEN Biao, CAO Li-jun, WANG Xiao-li, REN Zhi-guang, XU Zi-cheng. Effects of Micro-fertilizer Combined with Small-Molecule Organic Matter on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(2): 29-38.

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