黄淮与东北麦区小麦赤霉菌温度相关的致病力分化研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1514

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同来源的禾谷镰孢菌群体在不同温度条件下对小麦的致病力分化。2018和2019年间分别从黄淮冬麦区和东北春麦区采集小麦赤霉病病样,经单孢分离纯化共得到110株镰孢菌,采用EF-1α序列比对技术对分类病原菌进行了种类鉴定,结果显示禾谷镰孢菌为两个生态区小麦赤霉病的优势种。随机选择两个生态区的禾谷镰孢菌菌株各10株,采用单小花注射法分别在温度较高的廊坊市与温度较低的西宁市接种。在温度较低的西宁市,两个生态区的禾谷镰孢菌群体存在明显的致病力分化现象,东北麦区的禾谷镰孢菌群体致病力明显高于黄淮麦区群体,而在温度较高的廊坊市,两个群体的致病力差异不显著。表明东北麦区的禾谷镰孢菌群体有明显的低温适应性,研究结果明确了温度影响禾谷镰孢菌群体的致病力,对于禾谷镰孢菌群体致病力分化研究和小麦赤霉病的综合防治具有重要意义。

关键词: 小麦赤霉病, 温度, 致病力

Abstract:

Pathogenicity variation in Fusarium graminearum from different locations to wheat under different temperature conditions was compared. In 2018 and 2019,diseased wheat heads were collected from the winter wheat ecological region of Huang and Huai River Valleys and spring wheat ecological region of the Northeast China,a total of 110 Fusarium strains were obtained after single-spore isolation. The EF-1α sequences of the isolated strains were used to identify the Fusarium species. The results demonstrated that F. graminearum was the predominant species causing wheat head blight in the two ecological regions. Ten F. graminearum strains from each ecological region were randomly selected and inoculation was conducted by single floret injection method in two locations of Langfang representing the high temperate region and Xining representing lower temperature region. Significant difference of pathogenicity was observed in Xining. The F. graminearum populations from the Northeast China spring wheat region showed significantly higher pathogenicity than the population from Huang and Huai River Valleys wheat region. However,the pathogenicity of the two populations was similar in Langfang site. This indicates that the F. graminearum population in the Northeast China spring wheat region has a higher adaptability at low temperature. Results of the study indicate that temperature influences the pathogenicity of F. graminearum populations,which is significant for studying the pathogenicity differentiation of F. graminearum and comprehensive control and prevention of wheat head blight.

Key words: wheat head blight, temperature, pathogenicity

雒丽丽, 张昊, 杨美欣, 王云飞, 许景升, 徐进, 姚强, 冯洁. 黄淮与东北麦区小麦赤霉菌温度相关的致病力分化研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(4): 47-55.

LUO Li-li, ZHANG Hao, YANG Mei-xin, WANG Yun-fei, XU Jing-sheng, XU Jin, YAO Qiang, FENG Jie. Temperature-related Pathogenicity Differentiation of Wheat Head Blight in Huang and Huai River Valleys and Northeast China Wheat Regions[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 47-55.

图/表 7

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小麦种植区 Wheat growing area	采样点 Sampling site	经度Longitude	纬度 Altitude	2018年分离菌株数量 Number of isolates in 2018	2019年分离菌株数量Number of isolates in 2019	总计 Total
黄淮冬麦区 Huanghuai winter wheat region	河南	114.192389	35.05454097	1（1）	1（1）	2
	Henan	114.478073	35.02427601	1	0	1
		115.197768	36.039024	2（1）	1（1）	3
		113.596423	35.08097104	0	3	3
		114.003443	35.043789	1	3	4
		114.56618	34.83769602	1	1	2
		115.150602	35.47239896	1	0	1
	河北	115.824965	39.218749	3（1）	5（1）	8
	Hebei	115.227049	38.66614404	3（1）	4（1）	7
		115.04654	38.52423398	2	0	2
		114.550125	36.75152097	10（1）	6（1）	16
		114.614042	36.605715	3	6	9
		115.119011	36.27501296	0	1	1
		115.191918	41.248323	2	0	2
东北春麦区Northeast spring wheat region	内蒙古	120.195951	50.64350003	0	1	1
	Inner Mongolia	119.705403	49.53917599	3（1）	4（1）	7
		119.775435	49.64931303	5	0	5
		120.111686	49.41728602	5（1）	6（1）	11
		120.675101	49.375361	0	1	1
		120.804145	49.298681	2（1）	3（1）	5
		120.932706	49.31512898	1（1）	4（1）	5
		120.446777	49.54273101	7（1）	5（1）	12
		120.472253	49.47417199	1	0	1
		120.675101	49.375361	0	1	1
总计total				54	56	110

小麦种植区 Wheat growing area	采样点 Sampling site	经度Longitude	纬度 Altitude	2018年分离菌株数量 Number of isolates in 2018	2019年分离菌株数量Number of isolates in 2019	总计 Total
黄淮冬麦区 Huanghuai winter wheat region	河南	114.192389	35.05454097	1（1）	1（1）	2
	Henan	114.478073	35.02427601	1	0	1
		115.197768	36.039024	2（1）	1（1）	3
		113.596423	35.08097104	0	3	3
		114.003443	35.043789	1	3	4
		114.56618	34.83769602	1	1	2
		115.150602	35.47239896	1	0	1
	河北	115.824965	39.218749	3（1）	5（1）	8
	Hebei	115.227049	38.66614404	3（1）	4（1）	7
		115.04654	38.52423398	2	0	2
		114.550125	36.75152097	10（1）	6（1）	16
		114.614042	36.605715	3	6	9
		115.119011	36.27501296	0	1	1
		115.191918	41.248323	2	0	2
东北春麦区Northeast spring wheat region	内蒙古	120.195951	50.64350003	0	1	1
	Inner Mongolia	119.705403	49.53917599	3（1）	4（1）	7
		119.775435	49.64931303	5	0	5
		120.111686	49.41728602	5（1）	6（1）	11
		120.675101	49.375361	0	1	1
		120.804145	49.298681	2（1）	3（1）	5
		120.932706	49.31512898	1（1）	4（1）	5
		120.446777	49.54273101	7（1）	5（1）	12
		120.472253	49.47417199	1	0	1
		120.675101	49.375361	0	1	1
总计total				54	56	110

地区 Area	廊坊 Langfang	西宁 Xining
黄淮 Huanghuai	0.202 ± 0.124	0.359 ± 0.153
东北 Northeast China	0.214 ± 0.177	0.254 ± 0.097

地区 Area	廊坊 Langfang	西宁 Xining
黄淮 Huanghuai	0.202 ± 0.124	0.359 ± 0.153
东北 Northeast China	0.214 ± 0.177	0.254 ± 0.097

群体 Group	自由度 Df	偏差 Deviance	残差自由度 Resid. Df	残差偏差 Resid. Dev	P值 P（>Chi）
廊坊群体 Langfang	1	0.64626	271	1193.7	0.7001
西宁群体 Xining	1	42.995	2998	334.86	1.359×10^-10