川芎非根际、根际及根茎内生真菌群落差异分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

获知并比较川芎非根际、根际与川芎根茎内生真菌的群落结构特征及其差异。利用高通量测序技术分析川芎非根际土（S）、根际土（R）及川芎根茎（P）的真菌群落结构及差异;采用FUNGuild分析真菌群落功能。川芎非根际土、根际土及川芎根茎中皆含有丰富的真菌类群,真菌群落均匀度和多样性表现为S>R>P,丰富度表现为R>S>P。在不同分类水平下,3组样本皆具各自的优势菌群。川芎非根际与根茎的真菌群落差异最大,根际土与植物次之,土壤之间差异最小。川芎非根际、根际及根茎内生真菌皆具有产地差异,且大小为S>R>P,环境因子对非根际及根际菌群影响效应为S>R。川芎非根际土真菌以腐生型为主,其次为病原菌型,根际土真菌以病原菌型为主,腐生型次之,川芎内生菌则以病原菌型真菌为主。从非根际土到根际土再到川芎根茎内部,真菌菌群结构特征及菌群生态功能呈连续的渐次性变化,证明川芎在栽培过程中,从产地土壤中获得部分物种并发生了连续积累或消减,形成特定的内生菌群,是其微生态群落结构构建的重要策略,这为理解中药道地性品质形成提供了科学参考。

关键词: 川芎, 高通量测序, 群落多样性, 根际, 内生真菌

Abstract:

It is aimed to obtain and compare the characteristics of fungal communities in bulk soil,rhizosphere and endophytic fungi of rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the structures and differences of fungal communities in bulk soil（S）,rhizosphere（R）and endophytic fungi（P）of the rhizome of L. chuanxiong Hort. FUNGuild was used to analyze the functions of fungal communities. There were high abundant fungal communities in the bulk soil,rhizosphere and endophytic fungi of the rhizome of L. chuanxiong Hort. The evenness and diversity of the fungal community showed as S>R>P,while the richness showed as R>S>P. Specific dominated fungal flora varied in the three groups at different taxonomic levels. Meanwhile,the fungal communities were mainly affected by the sample type,with the largest differences between bulk soil and rhizome,followed by that between rhizosphere and plants,and the least among the soils. Differences among origin areas were observed in the three groups separately,and ranked as S>R>P. Besides,the effect of environmental factors on the communities of the bulk soil and rhizosphere was S>R. The fungal community in the bulk soil was dominated by saprotroph,followed by pathotroph;while the rhizosphere soil was dominated by pathotroph,followed by saprotroph;and the endophytic fungi was dominated by pathotroph. The fungal structural characteristics and ecological functions presented continuous and gradual changes in the bulk soil to the rhizosphere soil and then to the rhizome of L. chuanxiong Hort.,which proved that the plants obtained special fungi from the soil during the cultivation process,continuous accumulation and reduction of these fungi occurred,and then special endophytic fungal community was formed. This way may be an important strategy for the construction of its microecological community structure and provide a scientific reference for understanding the formation of the authentic quality of Chinese medicine.

Key words: Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., high-throughput sequencing, community diversity, rhizosphere, endophytic fungi

张秫华, 方千, 贾红梅, 韩桂琪, 严铸云, 何冬梅. 川芎非根际、根际及根茎内生真菌群落差异分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(4): 56-69.

ZHANG Shu-hua, FANG Qian, JIA Hong-mei, HAN Gui-qi, YAN Zhu-yun, HE Dong-mei. Difference Analysis of Fungal Community Among Bulk Soil,Rhizosphere and Rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 56-69.

图/表 13

参考文献 33

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产区 Origin area	样点名称 Sample name	地址Address	土壤类型Soil type	栽培方式Planting model	样品编号Sample No.			纬度Latitude（N°）	经度Longitude （E°）	海拔Altitude /m
产区 Origin area	样点名称 Sample name	地址Address	土壤类型Soil type	栽培方式Planting model	非根际土Bulk soil/S	根际土Rhizosphere soil/R	根茎Rhizome/P	纬度Latitude（N°）	经度Longitude （E°）	海拔Altitude /m
石羊（SY）	SY1	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY1	RSY1	PSY1	30.84	103.67	619
石羊（SY）	SY2	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY2	RSY2	PSY2	30.83	103.68	603
石羊（SY）	SY3	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY3	RSY3	PSY3	30.84	103.67	577
石羊（SY）	SY4	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY4	RSY4	PSY4	30.82	103.67	591
石羊（SY）	SY5	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY5	RSY5	PSY5	30.84	103.65	574
石羊（SY）	SY6	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	承包种植	SSY6	RSY6	PSY6	30.83	103.66	597
眉山（MS）	XW	眉山市修文镇	沙壤土	承包种植	SXW	RXW	PXW	30.01	103.70	398
眉山（MS）	YS	眉山市永寿镇	红壤土	农户散种	SYS	RYS	PYS	29.99	103.85	364
眉山（MS）	XJ	眉山市谢家镇	红黏土	农户散种	SXJ	RXJ	PXJ	30.22	103.79	394
彭州（PZ）	PZ	彭州市敖平镇	灰壤土	承包种植	SPZ	RPZ	PAP	30.10	103.99	560
崇州（CZ）	CZ	崇州市梓潼镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SCZ	RCZ	PCZ	30.75	103.67	563
邛崃（QL）	QL	邛崃市回龙镇	棕黏土	承包种植	SQL	RQL	PQL	30.30	103.68	435

产区 Origin area	样点名称 Sample name	地址Address	土壤类型Soil type	栽培方式Planting model	样品编号Sample No.			纬度Latitude（N°）	经度Longitude （E°）	海拔Altitude /m
产区 Origin area	样点名称 Sample name	地址Address	土壤类型Soil type	栽培方式Planting model	非根际土Bulk soil/S	根际土Rhizosphere soil/R	根茎Rhizome/P	纬度Latitude（N°）	经度Longitude （E°）	海拔Altitude /m
石羊（SY）	SY1	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY1	RSY1	PSY1	30.84	103.67	619
石羊（SY）	SY2	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY2	RSY2	PSY2	30.83	103.68	603
石羊（SY）	SY3	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY3	RSY3	PSY3	30.84	103.67	577
石羊（SY）	SY4	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY4	RSY4	PSY4	30.82	103.67	591
石羊（SY）	SY5	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SSY5	RSY5	PSY5	30.84	103.65	574
石羊（SY）	SY6	都江堰市石羊镇	灰壤土	承包种植	SSY6	RSY6	PSY6	30.83	103.66	597
眉山（MS）	XW	眉山市修文镇	沙壤土	承包种植	SXW	RXW	PXW	30.01	103.70	398
眉山（MS）	YS	眉山市永寿镇	红壤土	农户散种	SYS	RYS	PYS	29.99	103.85	364
眉山（MS）	XJ	眉山市谢家镇	红黏土	农户散种	SXJ	RXJ	PXJ	30.22	103.79	394
彭州（PZ）	PZ	彭州市敖平镇	灰壤土	承包种植	SPZ	RPZ	PAP	30.10	103.99	560
崇州（CZ）	CZ	崇州市梓潼镇	灰壤土	农户散种	SCZ	RCZ	PCZ	30.75	103.67	563
邛崃（QL）	QL	邛崃市回龙镇	棕黏土	承包种植	SQL	RQL	PQL	30.30	103.68	435

样本类型Sample type	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数Simpson index	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao指数 Chao index	Coverage指数Coverage index	Shannon even指数Shannon even index
非根际土Bulk soil（S）	4.6244a	0.0376c	1090.68b	1089.08b	0.9942b	0.6816a
根际土Rhizosphere soil（R）	3.9585b	0.0661b	1292.43a	1190.61a	0.9918c	0.5879b
川芎根茎Rhizome（P）	1.8919c	0.3401a	400.24c	355.53c	0.9976a	0.3431c

样本类型Sample type	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数Simpson index	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao指数 Chao index	Coverage指数Coverage index	Shannon even指数Shannon even index
非根际土Bulk soil（S）	4.6244a	0.0376c	1090.68b	1089.08b	0.9942b	0.6816a
根际土Rhizosphere soil（R）	3.9585b	0.0661b	1292.43a	1190.61a	0.9918c	0.5879b
川芎根茎Rhizome（P）	1.8919c	0.3401a	400.24c	355.53c	0.9976a	0.3431c

门Phylum	非根际土Bulk soil（S）	根际土Rhizosphere soil（R）	川芎根茎Rhizome （P）
子囊菌门Ascomycota***	59.60%	71.43%	90.05%
担子菌门Basidiomycota***	14.52%	16.20%	7.843%
被孢菌门Mortierellomycota***	14.8%	8.397%	0.9983%
罗兹菌门Rozellomycota***	1.787%	0.7173%	0.0467%