生物技术通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 191-204.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0723

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

酵母模型揭示胁迫因子驱动基因组变异的研究进展

祝瑛萱(), 李克景, 何敏, 郑道琼()   

  1. 浙江大学海洋学院,舟山 316021
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-30 出版日期:2023-11-26 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 郑道琼,男,博士,教授,研究方向:微生物遗传和基因组学;E-mail: zhengdaoqiong@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:祝瑛萱,女,博士研究生,研究方向:环境因子驱动下的酵母基因组变异;E-mail: zhuyingxuan@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32022004);国家自然科学基金项目(32170078)

Research Progress in the Exploring Genomic Variations Driven by Stress Factors Using the Yeast Model

ZHU Ying-xuan(), LI Ke-jing, HE Min, ZHENG Dao-qiong()   

  1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021
  • Received:2023-07-30 Published:2023-11-26 Online:2023-12-20

摘要:

基因组变异是遗传疾病发生和物种演化的分子基础,这个过程受到细胞内外源理化因子的共同作用。模式生物酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)基因组小且易于开展分子遗传操作,在探究基因组变异进化调控机制的相关研究中应用广泛。本文总结了酵母模型中典型的DNA变异检测遗传体系,包括利用报告基因检测DNA突变率和红白扇形菌落筛选染色体重组子等;讨论了高通量测序技术在检测自发性和胁迫因子诱导基因组变异中的应用;综述了运用酵母模型揭示温度波动、氧化压力、抗肿瘤药物、金属离子和辐射等胁迫因子对基因组稳定性的影响及遗传机制的研究进展。酵母在多种胁迫条件下均会发生适应性进化现象,特定的染色体结构变异是适应性背后的重要遗传机制之一。在酵母中结合遗传筛选体系和高通量分析手段阐释细胞胁迫因子与基因组变异的关联机制,可为全面理解生物基因组不稳定机理和物种进化规律提供新的视角。

关键词: 环境胁迫, 酿酒酵母, DNA突变, 基因组不稳定, 适应性进化

Abstract:

Genomic alteration is the molecular basis for the occurrence of genetic diseases and species evolution. This process is affected by the joint action of endogenous and exogenous physical and chemical factors of the cell. The genome in model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is small, thus it is easy for carrying out molecular genetic manipulation, and is widely used in research related to exploring the evolutionary regulation mechanism of genome variation. This article sums the typical DNA mutation detection genetic system in yeast models, including the use of reporter genes to detect DNA mutation rates and red and white/red sectoring colonies to screen chromosomal recombinants. Further the article also discussed the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in detecting spontaneous and stress factor-induced genomic alterations. Moreover, this review summarizes the research progresses in using S. cerevisiae to investigate the impacts of temperature fluctuations, oxidative stress, anti-tumor drug, heavy metal ions, radiation, and other stressors on genome stability and genetic mechanisms. Yeast cells are prone to undergo adaptive evolution under multiple stressful conditions, and specific chromosomal structural variations is an important genetic mechanism behind the adaptation. It may provide new insights for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of stressors on genome stability and the evolutionary patterns of species under different environments by combining genetic screening systems and high-throughput analysis methods in yeast to elucidate the relationship between cellular stress factors and genome variations.

Key words: environmental stress, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA mutation, genomic instability, adaptive evolution