Research in Maize Dwarf Genes and Dwarf Breeding

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0504

Abstract

Abstract:

Plant height is an important agronomic trait which affects maize architecture and planting density. Breeding plants with dwarf/semi-dwarf architectures could tolerate high-density planting and contribute to yield increase. However, most dwarf mutants have severely reduced yield and are difficult to be applied in breeding. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the regulation mechanism of maize plant height and to find out the excellent allele variation in plant height genes. It can improve the plant-type of maize, increase the light use efficiency and enhance the tolerance of population to water and fertilizer. Here we reviewed the quantitative trait locus of plant height excavated so far. We also explained that the cloned genes related to plant height are mainly regulated by plant hormones, microtubule-associated proteins and flower factors. Then we summarized the application and limitations of brachytic2 gene in maize dwarf breeding research, and looked forward to the important value of dwarf favorable alleles and their molecular markers, as well as modern biotechnology in the creation of dwarf germplasm resources. These efforts will promote the research on the genetic mechanism of maize plant height, and provide reference for the molecular breeding of dwarf maize.

Key words: maize, dwarf, molecular mechanism, breeding

WANG Tian-yi, WANG Rong-huan, WANG Xia-qing, ZHANG Ru-yang, XU Rui-bin, JIAO Yan-yan, SUN Xuan, WANG Ji-dong, SONG Wei, ZHAO Jiu-ran. Research in Maize Dwarf Genes and Dwarf Breeding[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 43-51.

Figures/Tables 1

References 70

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基因Gene	全称Full name	分子机制Molecular mechanism
An1^[11]	Anther ear1	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
An2^[12]	Anther ear2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
Br2^[10]	Brachytic2	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
Brd1^[13]	Brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
BRI1a^[14]	Brassinosteroid insensitive1a	油菜素内酯信号转导 Brassinosteroid signaling
Bv1^[15]	Brevis plant1	生长素信号转导 Auxin transport
Cr4^[16]	Crinkly4	激素信号转导 Hormone signaling
Ct2^[17]	Compact plant2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D1^[18] D2^[19] D3^[20] D5^[19] D8^[21] D8-1023^[22] D9^[21]	Dwarf plant1 Dwarf plant 2 Dwarf plant 3 Dwarf plant 5 Dwarf plant 8 Dwarf8-1023 Dwarf plant9	赤霉素合成最后一步 The final step of bioactive GA synthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling 赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling
D11^[23]	Dwarf11	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D2003^[24]	Dwarf2003	调控分生组织发育Regulate meristem development
Dil1^[25]	Dwarf & irregular leaf1	转录因子调控，影响激素通路基因表达Regulation of transori ptin factyr, affect the expression of genes related to hormonal pathways
GID1^[26]	Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1	赤霉素信号转导Gibberellin signaling
Kn1^[27]	Knotted1	调控赤霉素分解代谢 Regulate of gibberellin catabolism
Lil1^[28]	Lilliputian1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na1^[29]	Nana plant1	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na2^[30]	Nana plant2	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Rd2 Sdw3^[31]	Reduced plant2 Semidwarf3	赤霉素信号响应 Responds to gibberellin 乙烯生物合成 Ethylene biosynthesis
Tan1^[32]	Tangled1	调控细胞骨架排布Regulates cytoskeleton arrangement
Td1^[33] Te1^[34]	Thick tassel dwarf1 Terminal ear1	CLV-WUS途径 CLV-WUS pathway 生长素运输途径 Auxin transport pathway
Vt2^[35]	Vanishing tassel2	生长素合成途径 Auxin biosynthesis pathway
ZmCCD8^[36]	Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase8	独脚金内酯合成途径 Strigolactone biosynthesis pathway
ZmGLR^[37]	Glutamic acid and lysine-rich	油菜素内酯和生长素共同调控 Both brassinosteroid and auxin regulate
ZmGRF10^[38]	Growth-regulating factors10	转录因子，影响多种生物学途径 Transcription factor, affect multiple biological pathways
ZmPIN1a^[39]	PIN-formed1a	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
ZmPHYC^[40] ZmRPH1^[41]	Phytochrome C Reducing plant height1	响应光周期 Response photoperiod 微管细胞骨架排布 Microtubule cytoskeleton arrangement

基因Gene	全称Full name	分子机制Molecular mechanism
An1^[11]	Anther ear1	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
An2^[12]	Anther ear2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
Br2^[10]	Brachytic2	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
Brd1^[13]	Brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
BRI1a^[14]	Brassinosteroid insensitive1a	油菜素内酯信号转导 Brassinosteroid signaling
Bv1^[15]	Brevis plant1	生长素信号转导 Auxin transport
Cr4^[16]	Crinkly4	激素信号转导 Hormone signaling
Ct2^[17]	Compact plant2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D1^[18] D2^[19] D3^[20] D5^[19] D8^[21] D8-1023^[22] D9^[21]	Dwarf plant1 Dwarf plant 2 Dwarf plant 3 Dwarf plant 5 Dwarf plant 8 Dwarf8-1023 Dwarf plant9	赤霉素合成最后一步 The final step of bioactive GA synthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling 赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling
D11^[23]	Dwarf11	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D2003^[24]	Dwarf2003	调控分生组织发育Regulate meristem development
Dil1^[25]	Dwarf & irregular leaf1	转录因子调控，影响激素通路基因表达Regulation of transori ptin factyr, affect the expression of genes related to hormonal pathways
GID1^[26]	Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1	赤霉素信号转导Gibberellin signaling
Kn1^[27]	Knotted1	调控赤霉素分解代谢 Regulate of gibberellin catabolism
Lil1^[28]	Lilliputian1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na1^[29]	Nana plant1	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na2^[30]	Nana plant2	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Rd2 Sdw3^[31]	Reduced plant2 Semidwarf3	赤霉素信号响应 Responds to gibberellin 乙烯生物合成 Ethylene biosynthesis
Tan1^[32]	Tangled1	调控细胞骨架排布Regulates cytoskeleton arrangement
Td1^[33] Te1^[34]	Thick tassel dwarf1 Terminal ear1	CLV-WUS途径 CLV-WUS pathway 生长素运输途径 Auxin transport pathway
Vt2^[35]	Vanishing tassel2	生长素合成途径 Auxin biosynthesis pathway
ZmCCD8^[36]	Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase8	独脚金内酯合成途径 Strigolactone biosynthesis pathway
ZmGLR^[37]	Glutamic acid and lysine-rich	油菜素内酯和生长素共同调控 Both brassinosteroid and auxin regulate
ZmGRF10^[38]	Growth-regulating factors10	转录因子，影响多种生物学途径 Transcription factor, affect multiple biological pathways
ZmPIN1a^[39]	PIN-formed1a	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
ZmPHYC^[40] ZmRPH1^[41]	Phytochrome C Reducing plant height1	响应光周期 Response photoperiod 微管细胞骨架排布 Microtubule cytoskeleton arrangement