Advances of the Studies on Structure and Function of Promoter

Abstract

Abstract:

Gene expression and its regulation are dependent, on to a great extent, on transciption. An elementary transciption reaction is initiated by the recognition of regulatory regions and especially promoters. Promoters is the cis-regulatory element of gene expression and its regulation, exsit in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This paper expounded on the general characteristics and the function of promoter segment and cis-element functions.

Key words: Promoter, Structure, cis-acting elements, Function, Transcription factor

Wang Jing, Li Bing, Liu Cuicui, Zhu Zhen, Zhang Jiyu. Advances of the Studies on Structure and Function of Promoter[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2014, 0(8): 40-45.

References

［1］Bajic VB, Brent MR, Brown RH, et al. Performance assessment of promoter predictions on ENCODE regions in the EGASP experiment［J］. Genome Biol, 2006, 7（Suppl 1：S3）：1-13.
［2］Barroso-delJesus A, Romero-Lopez C, Lucena-Aguilar G, et al. Embryonic stem cell-specific miR302-367 cluster：human gene structure and functional characterization of its core promoter［J］. Mol Cell Biol, 2008, 28（21）：6609-6619.
［3］Luse DS. Promoter clearance by RNA polymerase II［J］. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2013, 1829（1）：63-68.
［4］Campbell EA, Muzzin O, Chlenov M, et al. Structure of the bacterial RNA polymerase promoter specificity sigma subunit［J］. Mol Cell, 2002, 9（3）：527-539.
［5］Ding W, Bellusci S, Shi W, et al. Genomic structure and promoter characterization of the human Sprouty4 gene, a novel regulator of lung morphogenesis［J］. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2004, 287（1）：L52-59.
［6］Emoto M, Miki M, Sarker AH, et al. Structure and transcription promoter activity of mouse flap endonuclease 1 gene：alternative splicing and bidirectional promoter［J］. Gene, 2005, 357（1）：47-54.
［7］Chai X, Chen W, Napoli JL. Structure, promoter and chromosomal localization of rdh6［J］. Gene, 2001, 274（1-2）：27-33.
［8］Hernandez-Rodriguez CS, Ferre J, Herrero S. Genomic structure and promoter analysis of pathogen-induced repat genes from Spodoptera exigua［J］. Insect Mol Biol, 2009, 18（1）：77-85.
［9］Kharitonova MA, Vershinina VI, Morozova OV, et al. The role of the promoter structure in the efficiency of the expression of guanylspecific ribonucleases from Bacillus intermedius and Bacillus pumilus］［J］. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol, 2006（4）：15-19.
［10］Labrador M, Corces VG. Phosphorylation of histone H3 during transcriptional activation depends on promoter structure［J］. Genes Dev, 2003, 17（1）：43-48.
［11］Laenen K, Haegeman G, Vanhoenacker P. Structure of the human 5-HT7 receptor gene and characterization of its promoter region［J］. Gene, 2007, 391（1-2）：252-263.
［12］Lawson J, Wheldrake JF, Dunbar AJ. Genomic structure and promoter characterization of the gene encoding the ErbB ligand betacellulin［J］. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2002, 1576（1-2）：183-190.
［13］Li SF, Fujita F, Hirai M, et al. Genomic structure and characterization of the promoter region of the human NAK gene［J］. Gene, 2003, 304：57-64.
［14］Luo J, Cun W, Che Y, et al. Analysis of HSV-I ICP22 effects on HCMV major immediate-early promoter structure［J］. Sci China C Life Sci, 2007, 50（3）：292-297.
［15］Martin CT, Esposito EA, Theis K, et al. Structure and function in promoter escape by T7 RNA polymerase［J］. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol, 2005, 80：323-347.
［16］Marsman J, Horsfield JA. Long distance relationships：enhancer-promoter communication and dynamic gene transcription［J］. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2012, 1819（11-12）：1217-1227.
［17］Putthoff P, Akyuz N, Kutsche M, et al. Structure of the murine tenascin-R gene and functional characterisation of the promoter［J］. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003, 308（4）：940-949.
［18］Toscano-Garibay JD, Aquino-Jarquin G. Regulation exerted by miRNAs in the promoter and UTR sequences：MDR1/P-gp expression as a particular case［J］. DNA Cell Biol, 2012, 31（8）：1358-1364.
［19］Shavandi M, Sadeghizadeh M, Khajeh K, et al. Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the dsz operon for dibenzothiophene biodesulfurization from Gordonia alkanivorans RIPI90A［J］. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2010, 87（4）：1455-1461.
［20］Sobocki T, Sobocka MB, Babinska A, et al. Genomic structure, organization and promoter analysis of the human F11R/F11 receptor/junctional adhesion molecule-1/JAM-A［J］. Gene, 2006, 366（1）：128-144.
［21］Stohr J. Prion protein aggregation and fibrillogenesis in vitro［J］. Subcell Biochem, 2012, 65：91-108.
［22］Thomas AV, Broers AD, Vandegaart HF, et al. Genomic structure, promoter analysis and expression of the porcine（Sus scrofa）TLR4 gene［J］. Mol Immunol, 2006, 43（6）：653-659.
［23］Tobias CM, Chow EK. Structure of the cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in rice and promoter activity of a member associated with lignification［J］. Planta, 2005, 220（5）：678-688.
［24］Yan BX, Ma JX. Promoter-associated RNAs and promoter-targeted RNAs［J］. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2012, 69（17）：2833-2842.
［25］Young CS. The structure and function of the adenovirus major late promoter［J］. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 2003, 272：213-249.
［26］Zhang CK, Lin W, Cai YN, et al. Characterization of the genomic structure and tissue-specific promoter of the human nuclear receptor NR5A2（hB1F）gene［J］. Gene, 2001, 273（2）：239-249.
［27］Burden S, Lin YX, Zhang R. Improving promoter prediction for the NNPP2.2 algorithm：a case study using Escherichia coli DNA sequences［J］. Bioinformatics, 2005, 21（5）：601-607.
［28］Dikstein R. The unexpected traits associated with core promoter elements［J］.Transcription, 2011, 2（5）：201-206.
［29］Zhang MQ. Computational analyses of eukaryotic promoters［J］. BMC Bioinformatics, 2007, 8（Suppl 6）：S3.
［30］Xia Y, Saitoh T, Ueda K, et al. Characterization of the human alpha-synuclein gene：Genomic structure, transcription start site, promoter region and polymorphisms［J］. J Alzheimers Dis, 2001, 3（5）：485-494.

[1]	HUANG Xiao-long, SUN Gui-lian, MA Dan-dan, YAN Hui-qing. Construction of Yeast One-hybrid Library and Screening of Factors Regulating LAZY1 Expression in Rice [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(9): 126-135.
[2]	LIU Yu-ling, WANG Meng-yao, SUN Qi, MA Li-hua, ZHU Xin-xia. Effect of RD29A Promoter on the Stress Resistance of Transgenic Tobacco with SikCDPK1 Gene from Saussurea involucrata [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(9): 168-175.
[3]	HAN Hao-zhang, ZHANG Li-hua, LI Su-hua, ZHAO Rong, WANG Fang, WANG Xiao-li. Construction of cDNA Library of Cinnamomun bodinieri Induced by Saline-alkali Stress and Screening of CbP5CS Upstream Regulators [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(9): 236-245.
[4]	LYU Qiu-yu, SUN Pei-yuan, RAN Bin, WANG Jia-rui, CHEN Qing-fu, LI Hong-you. Cloning, Subcellular Localization and Expression Analysis of the Transcription Factor Gene FtbHLH3 in Fagopyrum tataricum [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 194-203.
[5]	XU Jing, ZHU Hong-lin, LIN Yan-hui, TANG Li-qiong, TANG Qing-jie, WANG Xiao-ning. Cloning of IbHQT1 Promoter and Identification of Upstream Regulatory Factors in Sweet Potato [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 213-219.
[6]	SONG Zhi-zhong, XU Wei-hua, XIAO Hui-lin, TANG Mei-ling, CHEN Jing-hui, GUAN Xue-qiang, LIU Wan-hao. Cloning, Expression and Function of Iron Regulated Transporter VvIRT1 in Wine Grape（Vitis vinifera L.） [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 234-240.
[7]	LI Bo, LIU He-xia, CHEN Yu-ling, ZHOU Xing-wen, ZHU Yu-lin. Cloning, Subcellular Localization and Expression Analysis of CnbHLH79 Transcription Factor from Camellia nitidissima [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 241-250.
[8]	CHEN Xiao, YU Ming-lan, WU Long-kun, ZHENG Xiao-ming, PANG Hong-bo. Research Progress in lncRNA and Their Responses to Low Temperature Stress in Plant [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 1-12.
[9]	ZHANG Man, ZHANG Ye-zhuo, HE Qi-zou-hong, E Yi-lan, LI Ye. Advances in Plant Cell Wall Structure and Imaging Technology [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 113-122.
[10]	XIE Dong, WANG Liu-wei, LI Ning-jian, LI Ze-lin, XU Zi-hang, ZHANG Qing-hua. Exploration, Identification and Phosphorus-solubilizing Condition Optimization of a Multifunctional Strain [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 241-253.
[11]	WU Hao, LIU Zi-wei, ZHENG Ying, DAI Ya-wen, SHI Quan. Study on the Heterogeneity of Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Single Cell Level [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 325-332.
[12]	YOU Zi-juan, CHEN Han-lin, DENG Fu-cai. Research Progress in the Extraction and Functional Activities of Bioactive Peptides from Fish Skin [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 91-104.
[13]	MA Xue-hu, MA Li-hua, GOU Yan, MA Yan-fen. Related Inflammatory Diseases Caused by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Targeted Therapy to Them [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 119-125.
[14]	CUI Xue-qiang, HUANG Chang-yan, DENG Jie-ling, LI Xian-min, LI Xiu-ling, ZHANG Zi-bin. SNP Markers Development and Genetic Relationship Analysis of Dendrobium Germplasms Using SLAF-seq Technology [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 141-148.
[15]	GUO Yi-ting, ZHAO Wen-ju, REN Yan-jing, ZHAO Meng-liang. Identification and Analysis of NAC Transcription Factor Family Genes in Helianthus tuberosus L. [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 217-232.