Research Progress in the Succession of Microbial Communities in Total Mixed Ration Silage

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0832

Abstract

Abstract:

Total mixed ratio（TMR）silage is a kind of nutritional balanced rations fermented by lactic acid bacteria according to a scientific diet formula based on the nutrition needs at different growth stages of livestock and the nutritional value of feed materials. With the rapid development of animal husbandry in China,the demand for high-quality feed is increasing. In order to reduce the excessive dependence on feed grain,the development and utilization of unconventional feed resources is particularly important. The expansion and popularization of modulating and processing technology for fermenting TMR silage is beneficial to the efficient utilization of by-products to solve the shortage of feed resources that restrict the stable development of animal husbandry. And the microbial communities of TMR silage play an important role in the fermentation quality and aerobic stability. Therefore,this article reviews the application of TMR silage technology,microbial factors affecting aerobic stability,and the diversity of microbial communities in TMR silage,and discusses the significance and existing problems in TMR silage technology. It is of great significance to realize the production potential,to promote this feeding technology to efficiently apply it to production practice. And this would provide new ideas for improving the utilization efficiency of unconventional feed resources and solving the problem of shortage in feed resources.

Key words: total mixed ration silage, unconventional feed, aerobic stability, microbial communities, research progress

JIANG Di, XU Chun-cheng. Research Progress in the Succession of Microbial Communities in Total Mixed Ration Silage[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(9): 31-38.

Figures/Tables 3

References 44

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原料 Raw material	组成 Composition
精饲料	能量饲料（玉米、大麦、高粱等）
精饲料	蛋白饲料（豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕等）
农产品加工副产物	糟渣（啤酒糟、豆腐渣、淀粉渣、米糠、茶渣、果蔬饮料渣等）
农产品加工副产物	秸秆（稻草、麦秸、玉米秸等）
粗饲料	青贮饲料（玉米青贮、秸秆青贮、牧草青贮）
	干草（禾本科牧草、豆科牧草等）
	青绿饲料（青刈饲料等）
补充饲料	矿物质添加剂
补充饲料	维生素添加剂

原料 Raw material	组成 Composition
精饲料	能量饲料（玉米、大麦、高粱等）
精饲料	蛋白饲料（豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕等）
农产品加工副产物	糟渣（啤酒糟、豆腐渣、淀粉渣、米糠、茶渣、果蔬饮料渣等）
农产品加工副产物	秸秆（稻草、麦秸、玉米秸等）
粗饲料	青贮饲料（玉米青贮、秸秆青贮、牧草青贮）
	干草（禾本科牧草、豆科牧草等）
	青绿饲料（青刈饲料等）
补充饲料	矿物质添加剂
补充饲料	维生素添加剂

	种类 Species	利用乳酸 Assimilated lactate	发酵糖 Fermented glucose	来源Detected during
	种类 Species	利用乳酸 Assimilated lactate	发酵糖 Fermented glucose	发酵过程Ensiling	有氧暴露Aerobic exposure
Candida	C. albicans	s	+	+	+
	C. bimundalis	+	w	+	+
	C. glabrata	-	+	+	+
	C. famata	+	s	+	-
	C. holmii	s	+	+	+
	C. krusei	+	+	+	+
	C. lambica	+	+	+	+
	C. melinii	w	-	+	+
	C. milleri	w	+	+	+
	C. silivicola	-	+		+
	C. tenuis	s	+	+	+
	C. valida	s	w	+	-
	C. vini	s	-	+	+
Debaryomyces	D. hansenii	s	s	-	+
	D. polymorphus	-	s	+	-
Geotrichum	G. candidum	+	w	+	-
Guilliermondella	G. selenospora	+	+	+	-
Hansenula	H. anomala	+	+	+	+
	H. canadensis	+	-	+	-
	H. polymorpha	-	+	+	-
	H. subpelliculosa	+	+	+	-
Pichia	P. burtonii	+	+	-	+
	P. fermentans	+	+	+	+
	P. membranaefaciens	s	s	-	+
Saccharomyces	S. cerevisiae	-	+	+	+
	S. dairensis	w	+	+
	S. exiguus	w	+	+	+
Sporidiobolus	S. salmonicolor	-	-	+	+
Zygosaccharomyces	Z. rouxi	-	+	-	+

	种类 Species	利用乳酸 Assimilated lactate	发酵糖 Fermented glucose	来源Detected during
	种类 Species	利用乳酸 Assimilated lactate	发酵糖 Fermented glucose	发酵过程Ensiling	有氧暴露Aerobic exposure
Candida	C. albicans	s	+	+	+
	C. bimundalis	+	w	+	+
	C. glabrata	-	+	+	+
	C. famata	+	s	+	-
	C. holmii	s	+	+	+
	C. krusei	+	+	+	+
	C. lambica	+	+	+	+
	C. melinii	w	-	+	+
	C. milleri	w	+	+	+
	C. silivicola	-	+		+
	C. tenuis	s	+	+	+
	C. valida	s	w	+	-
	C. vini	s	-	+	+
Debaryomyces	D. hansenii	s	s	-	+
	D. polymorphus	-	s	+	-
Geotrichum	G. candidum	+	w	+	-
Guilliermondella	G. selenospora	+	+	+	-
Hansenula	H. anomala	+	+	+	+
	H. canadensis	+	-	+	-
	H. polymorpha	-	+	+	-
	H. subpelliculosa	+	+	+	-
Pichia	P. burtonii	+	+	-	+
	P. fermentans	+	+	+	+
	P. membranaefaciens	s	s	-	+
Saccharomyces	S. cerevisiae	-	+	+	+
	S. dairensis	w	+	+
	S. exiguus	w	+	+	+
Sporidiobolus	S. salmonicolor	-	-	+	+
Zygosaccharomyces	Z. rouxi	-	+	-	+

属水平 Genus	葡萄糖发酵类型 Glucose fermentation	种水平 Species
Lactobacillus	Homofermentative	L. acidophilus
		L. easei
		L. coryniformis
		L. curvatus
		L. delbriickii
		L. graminis
		L. helveticus
		L. homohiochii
		L.jensenii
		L. paracasei ssp. paracasei
		L. pentosus
		L. plantarum
		L. salivarius
	Heterofermentative	L. brevis
		L. buehneri
		L. collinoides
		L. eonfusus
		L. divergens
		L. fermentum
		L. fructosus
		L. reuteri
		L. viridescens
Pediococcus	Homofermentative	P. aeidilaetici
		P. damnosus
		P. inopinatus
		P. parvulus
		P. pentosaeeus
Leuconostoc	Heterofermentative	Leuc. mesenteraides
		Leuc. oenos
		Leuc. paramesenteroides
Enterococcus	Homofermentative	Ec. faecalis
Enterococcus	Homofermentative	Ec. faeeium
Lactococcus	Homofermentative	Le. laetis
Streptococcus	Homofermentative	Sc. bovis
Weissella	Heterofermentative	W. confusa