Metabolome Difference Analysis of Fermented Cigar Tobacco Leaves in Summer and Winter

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1101

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The differences of metabolites in cigar tobacco fermented in summer and winter were analyzed. 【Method】 Widely targeted metabolomics detection（UPLC-ESI-MS/MS）was used in combination with multivariate statistical analysis（PCA and OPLS-DA）. 【Result】 During the fermentation period（lasting for 34 d）, the average temperature of the fermentation room in summer and winter were 27.2℃ and 14.7℃, respectively, with a difference of 12.5℃, and the average humidity was 77.6% and 66.7%, respectively, with a difference of 10.9%, thus summer was more in line with the environmental requirements of relatively high temperature and high humidity for tobacco fermentation. A total of 905 metabolites were detected in cigar leaf samples, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lipids, amino acids, organic acids, terpenes, sugars, nucleotides, and lignin. The top three metabolites were alkaloids, organic acids, and lipids, accounting for 24.5%, 23.7%, and 15.0%, respectively. After the fermentation, the contents of organic acids, lipids, amino acids and phenolic acids significantly increased, and the contents of alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, sugars and lignin decreased to varying degrees. In summer fermented tobacco leaves, the metabolic transformation of alkaloids and terpenoids was more intense, the contents of organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, lipids and sugars were higher, the chemical composition was more coordinated, the aroma quality was richer, the flue gas was soft, the aftertaste was sweet, and the sensory quality was better.【Conclusion】 The natural high temperature and high humidity environment in summer in southwest Hubei is more suitable for the ideal state of cigar tobacco agricultural fermentation. The cigar leaves produced in the current year should be naturally aged in winter and then fermented in the next summer, which may be used as a reference scheme to explore and promote the quality and efficiency of the fermentation process of cigar.

Key words: cigar tobacco, fermentation, metabolism, sensory quality, difference analysis

YU Xin-lei, HE Jie-wang, LIN Guo-ping, LI Jin-hai, WANG Da-ai, YUAN Yue-bin, LIU Sheng-gao, LI Zhi-hao, TAO De-xin. Metabolome Difference Analysis of Fermented Cigar Tobacco Leaves in Summer and Winter[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(6): 260-270.

Figures/Tables 7

References 25

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编号 No.	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway	关联代谢物 Associated metabolites	通路ID Pathway ID
1	代谢途径 Metabolic pathways	胍丁胺、N-甲基-5-羟基色胺、顺式-5'-（2-氧代丙基）-烟碱、2-苯乙胺、去甲基烟碱、苯基乙醇胺、烟胺、3-吲哚乙腈	ko01100
2	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	乙酸胍	ko00260
3	半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢 Cysteine and methionine metabolism	烟胺	ko00270
4	精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢Arginine and proline metabolism	胍丁胺、N-乙酰腐胺、阿魏酰腐胺	ko00330
5	酪氨酸代谢Tyrosine metabolism	L-酪胺	ko00350
6	苯丙氨酸代谢 Phenylalanine metabolism	2-苯乙胺	ko00360
7	色氨酸代谢 Tryptophan metabolism	N-甲基-5-羟基色胺、甲氧基吲哚乙酸、3-吲哚乙腈	ko00380
8	核黄素代谢Riboflavin metabolism	7,8-二甲基咯嗪	ko00740
9	烟酸和烟酰胺代谢Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	1,4-二氢-1-甲基-4-氧代-3-吡啶甲酰胺、烟酸甲酯	ko00760
10	异喹啉生物碱生物合成Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis	L-酪胺	ko00950
11	莨菪烷、哌啶和吡啶生物碱生物合成 Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis	去甲基烟碱	ko00960
12	植物次生代谢产物的生物合成 Biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites	烟胺、3-吲哚乙腈、阿魏酰腐胺、1-甲基胍、对香豆酰酪胺	ko00999

编号 No.	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway	关联代谢物 Associated metabolites	通路ID Pathway ID
1	代谢途径 Metabolic pathways	胍丁胺、N-甲基-5-羟基色胺、顺式-5'-（2-氧代丙基）-烟碱、2-苯乙胺、去甲基烟碱、苯基乙醇胺、烟胺、3-吲哚乙腈	ko01100
2	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	乙酸胍	ko00260
3	半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢 Cysteine and methionine metabolism	烟胺	ko00270
4	精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢Arginine and proline metabolism	胍丁胺、N-乙酰腐胺、阿魏酰腐胺	ko00330
5	酪氨酸代谢Tyrosine metabolism	L-酪胺	ko00350
6	苯丙氨酸代谢 Phenylalanine metabolism	2-苯乙胺	ko00360
7	色氨酸代谢 Tryptophan metabolism	N-甲基-5-羟基色胺、甲氧基吲哚乙酸、3-吲哚乙腈	ko00380
8	核黄素代谢Riboflavin metabolism	7,8-二甲基咯嗪	ko00740
9	烟酸和烟酰胺代谢Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	1,4-二氢-1-甲基-4-氧代-3-吡啶甲酰胺、烟酸甲酯	ko00760
10	异喹啉生物碱生物合成Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis	L-酪胺	ko00950
11	莨菪烷、哌啶和吡啶生物碱生物合成 Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis	去甲基烟碱	ko00960
12	植物次生代谢产物的生物合成 Biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites	烟胺、3-吲哚乙腈、阿魏酰腐胺、1-甲基胍、对香豆酰酪胺	ko00999

样品 Sample	香气质 Aroma quality	香气量 Aroma quantity	杂气 Disorder	刺激性 Thrill	余味 Aftertaste	甜度 Sweetness	燃烧性 Inflammability	灰色 Grayness	合计 Total
发酵初始样	12	12	6	7.5	8	4	8	7.5	65
冬季发酵叶	13	12	7	8	9	6.5	8.5	8	72
夏季发酵叶	15	13	7.5	9	10	7	8.5	8	78

样品 Sample	香气质 Aroma quality	香气量 Aroma quantity	杂气 Disorder	刺激性 Thrill	余味 Aftertaste	甜度 Sweetness	燃烧性 Inflammability	灰色 Grayness	合计 Total
发酵初始样	12	12	6	7.5	8	4	8	7.5	65
冬季发酵叶	13	12	7	8	9	6.5	8.5	8	72
夏季发酵叶	15	13	7.5	9	10	7	8.5	8	78