Biotechnology Bulletin ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 164-176.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0803
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JIAO Yue1(), HAN Yu2, YANG Qiao2, HUANG Yao-hui1, AN Ji-cui2, YANG Ya-zhou2, YE Ji-ming1()
Received:
2020-07-01
Online:
2021-04-26
Published:
2021-05-13
Contact:
YE Ji-ming
E-mail:jiaoyue@agri.gov.cn;yejiming@agri.gov.cn
JIAO Yue, HAN Yu, YANG Qiao, HUANG Yao-hui, AN Ji-cui, YANG Ya-zhou, YE Ji-ming. Commercialization Development Trend of Genetically Modified Maize and the Enlightenment[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 164-176.
Fig.1 Global area and application rate of commercialized GM maize The data come from ISAAA, and the application rate data for 1996, 1999 and 2003 are missing
Fig.4 Similarity of GM maize events approved by major countries/regions Only including countries/regions that have approved 20 or more GM maize events; the clustering method is hierarchical clustering
Fig.7 Trends in the number of the new commercialized events of GM maize with main types of traits in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to the time period from 2000 to 2003, and other analogies; when the event contains multiple commercial traits, statistics will be made in the corresponding commercial traits
Fig.8 Trends in the number of the new commercialized events with single commercial traits and the stacks in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to the time period from 2000 to 2003, and other analogies
Fig.9 Trends in the number of countries that have approved the events with major commercial traits in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to 2000-2003 time period, and other analogies; the event with multiple commercial traits will be counted in the corresponding commercialized traits; multiple approvals in the same country are counted as one approval
Fig.10 Changes in the number of countries that have approved the events with single commercial traits and the stacks in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to 2000-2003 time period, and other analogies; multiple approvals in the same country are counted as one approval
性状A Trait A | 性状B Trait B | 均值差值(A-B) Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差 Standard error | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
耐除草剂HT(3.9±0.3) | 抗虫IR(3.9±0.4) | -0.01 | 0.50 | 0.986 |
单商业化性状Single commercial traits(8.2±1.3) | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 | |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits(3.5±0.3) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits(2.5±0.6) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | -0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 |
Table 1 Comparison of the number of countries that have approved events with different commercial traits
性状A Trait A | 性状B Trait B | 均值差值(A-B) Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差 Standard error | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
耐除草剂HT(3.9±0.3) | 抗虫IR(3.9±0.4) | -0.01 | 0.50 | 0.986 |
单商业化性状Single commercial traits(8.2±1.3) | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 | |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits(3.5±0.3) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits(2.5±0.6) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | -0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 |
Fig.11 Overview of the development of GM maize events by major R&D companies The events developed by the two companies are counted in the corresponding companies respectively
不同性状 Different traits | 拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | 优势公司 Advantageous company | 离散指数 Dispersion index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商业化性状类型 Type of commercial traits | 耐除草剂HT | 4 | 39 | 58 | 37 | 88 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.602 |
抗虫IR | 2 | 38 | 58 | 35 | 94 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.583 | |
品质性状改良QM | 1 | 10 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.132 | ||||
抗逆ST | 6 | 1 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.178 | ||||
杂种优势改良 HI | 2 | 4 | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 0.276 | ||||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂/ 抗虫HT/IR | 耐除草剂HT | 抗虫IR | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.452 | 0.372 | 0.389 | 0.328 | 0.374 | - | - | |
商业化性状数量 Number of commercial traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 4 | 5 | 17 | 2 | 11 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.594 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 2 | 38 | 48 | 34 | 80 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.594 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 4 | 1 | 7 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.386 | |||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 两商业化性状 Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商化业性状Stacks with two commercial traits | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.276 | 0.156 | 0.331 | 0.145 | 0.260 | - | - |
Table 2 Development status of events with different traits by major R&D companies
不同性状 Different traits | 拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | 优势公司 Advantageous company | 离散指数 Dispersion index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商业化性状类型 Type of commercial traits | 耐除草剂HT | 4 | 39 | 58 | 37 | 88 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.602 |
抗虫IR | 2 | 38 | 58 | 35 | 94 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.583 | |
品质性状改良QM | 1 | 10 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.132 | ||||
抗逆ST | 6 | 1 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.178 | ||||
杂种优势改良 HI | 2 | 4 | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 0.276 | ||||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂/ 抗虫HT/IR | 耐除草剂HT | 抗虫IR | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.452 | 0.372 | 0.389 | 0.328 | 0.374 | - | - | |
商业化性状数量 Number of commercial traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 4 | 5 | 17 | 2 | 11 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.594 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 2 | 38 | 48 | 34 | 80 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.594 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 4 | 1 | 7 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.386 | |||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 两商业化性状 Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商化业性状Stacks with two commercial traits | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.276 | 0.156 | 0.331 | 0.145 | 0.260 | - | - |
拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1)IR-HT | — | — |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | — | — | 抗虫(1)IR | 抗虫—耐除草剂(9) IR-HT | — |
孟山都Monsanto | — | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(7) IR-HT | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1) IR-HT |
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | — | — | — | — | — |
先正达Syngenta | — | — | — | — | — |
Table 3 Cooperation status of major companies
拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1)IR-HT | — | — |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | — | — | 抗虫(1)IR | 抗虫—耐除草剂(9) IR-HT | — |
孟山都Monsanto | — | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(7) IR-HT | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1) IR-HT |
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | — | — | — | — | — |
先正达Syngenta | — | — | — | — | — |
Fig.12 Trends in the number of newly commercialized events of major R&D companies in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to the time period from 2000 to 2003, and other analogies. Each cooperative company is counted separately
Fig.13 Changes in the number of countries that have approved the events which are developed by major R&D companies in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to 2000-2003 time period, and other analogies. Each cooperative company is counted separately. Multiple approvals in the same country are counted as one approval
公司A Company A | 公司B Company B | 均值差值(A-B)Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差Standard error | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
单个公司间比较 Comparison among individual companies | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience(5.0±3.0) | 杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 |
孟山都Monsanto | -0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | ||
杜邦先锋DuPont Pioneer(4.3±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 | |
孟山都Monsanto | -1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto(6.0±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | 0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 1.31 | 1.14 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy(4.6±0.9) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -1.31 | 1.15 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
先正达Syngenta(3.4±0.5) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | -0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
单个公司与公司合作间比较Comparison between the individual company and cooperation | 单个公司(4.0±0.4) | 公司间合作Cooperation between companies | -2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
公司间合作(6.7±1.4) | 单个公司Individual company | 2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
Table 4 Comparison of the number of countries that have approved the events which are developed by major R&D
公司A Company A | 公司B Company B | 均值差值(A-B)Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差Standard error | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
单个公司间比较 Comparison among individual companies | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience(5.0±3.0) | 杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 |
孟山都Monsanto | -0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | ||
杜邦先锋DuPont Pioneer(4.3±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 | |
孟山都Monsanto | -1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto(6.0±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | 0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 1.31 | 1.14 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy(4.6±0.9) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -1.31 | 1.15 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
先正达Syngenta(3.4±0.5) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | -0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
单个公司与公司合作间比较Comparison between the individual company and cooperation | 单个公司(4.0±0.4) | 公司间合作Cooperation between companies | -2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
公司间合作(6.7±1.4) | 单个公司Individual company | 2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
序号No | 转化体名称Events | 首次批准时间First approval date | 研发单位Company |
---|---|---|---|
1 | MIR162 | 2014/12/11 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
2 | DAS-40278-9 | 2017/6/12 | 陶氏益农公司Dow Agronomy |
3 | MON 87427 | 2017/7/16 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
4 | 5307 | 2017/7/16 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
5 | DP4114 | 2018/12/20 | 先锋国际良种公司Pioneer |
6 | Bt11 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
7 | Bt176 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
8 | TC1507 | 2004/4/6 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
9 | T25 | 2004/4/6 | 拜耳作物科学公司Bayer Cropscience |
10 | MON810 | 2004/2/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
11 | GA21 | 2004/2/10 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
12 | NK603 | 2005/7/6 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
13 | MON863 | 2004/6/25 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
14 | MON88017 | 2007/12/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
15 | 59122 | 2006/12/20 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
16 | MIR604 | 2008/8/28 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
17 | MON89034 | 2010/12/30 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
18 | 3272 | 2013/5/21 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
19 | Bt11×GA21 | 2011/11/3 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
20 | MON87460 | 2013/5/21 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
Table 5 The GM maize events that have been approved importing by china used as raw materials for processing
序号No | 转化体名称Events | 首次批准时间First approval date | 研发单位Company |
---|---|---|---|
1 | MIR162 | 2014/12/11 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
2 | DAS-40278-9 | 2017/6/12 | 陶氏益农公司Dow Agronomy |
3 | MON 87427 | 2017/7/16 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
4 | 5307 | 2017/7/16 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
5 | DP4114 | 2018/12/20 | 先锋国际良种公司Pioneer |
6 | Bt11 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
7 | Bt176 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
8 | TC1507 | 2004/4/6 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
9 | T25 | 2004/4/6 | 拜耳作物科学公司Bayer Cropscience |
10 | MON810 | 2004/2/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
11 | GA21 | 2004/2/10 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
12 | NK603 | 2005/7/6 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
13 | MON863 | 2004/6/25 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
14 | MON88017 | 2007/12/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
15 | 59122 | 2006/12/20 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
16 | MIR604 | 2008/8/28 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
17 | MON89034 | 2010/12/30 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
18 | 3272 | 2013/5/21 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
19 | Bt11×GA21 | 2011/11/3 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
20 | MON87460 | 2013/5/21 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
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