Synthesis and Character Identification of Allohexaploid Between Gossypium hirsutum and G. gossypioides

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1230

Abstract

Abstract:

Distant hybridization and polyploidy is an important way for cotton germplasm innovation, and it may provide theoretical evidence and new materials by distantly hybridizing G. gossypioides with G. hirsutum and then chromosome doubling to use the excellent genes of G. gossypioides and to broaden the genetic diversity of G. hirsutum. In this study, we obtained allohexaploid cotton by synthesizing the female parent G. hirsutum with the male parent G. gossypioides, following with chromosome doubling by colchicine. And then we examined the morphology（leaf phenotype）, cytology（stomatal density, stomatal length, chloroplasts number in guard cell pairs, and pollen grain diameter）, and physiological and biochemical indexes（SOD, POD, CAT, soluble protein and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the hexaploid）. Three hexaploid plants were selected by flow cytometric identification. The statistical results of hexaploid, triploid and parental traits showed that there was not significant difference for the leaf shape index between hexaploid and G. hirsutum, indicating that the leaf shape of hexaploid was overall preferring to G. hirsutum, while the triploid distant hybrid was more inclined to paternal cotton G. gossypioides. The leaf area and stomatal length of hexaploid increased, and the number of chloroplasts in the guard cells significantly increased. The flower phenotypic traits of hexaploid were intermediate between two parents, but the pollen grain diameter of hexaploid was greater than the triploid, with the normal pollen grain ratio of 73.25% for hexaploid and of 51.13% for triploid, indicating the fertility recovering of hexaploid. The content of SOD, POD, CAT and soluble protein in hexaploid leaves were significantly greater than the other generations. There were significant differences in the initial fluorescence Fo, leaf variable fluorescence Fv, primary light energy conversion efficiency（Fv/Fm）, PS II potential photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fo）and open PS II capture excitation energy efficiency（Fm/Fo）between hexaploid and other generations. The overall results proved that the new germplasm of hexaploid between G. hirsutum and G. gossypioides were successfully synthesized by hybridization and chromosome doubling in our study, and it was tested that hexaploid has excellent performances superior to triploid especially in stress resistance and photosynthesis.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium gossypioides, distant hybridization, allohexaploid, hybrid lethality, character identification, physiological and biochemical index

WANG Yi-fan, HOU Lin-hui, CHANG Yong-chun, YANG Ya-jie, CHEN Tian, ZHAO Zhu-yue, RONG Er-hua, WU Yu-xiang. Synthesis and Character Identification of Allohexaploid Between Gossypium hirsutum and G. gossypioides[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(5): 168-176.

Figures/Tables 11

References 32

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类名Species	倍性Ploidy	染色体组Genome	染色体数Chromosome number	地理分布Geographical distribution
陆地棉 G. hirsutum	4X	（AD）₁	2n=4X=52	世界广泛栽培 Worldwide cultivation
拟似棉 G. gossypioides	2X	D₆	2n=2X=26	墨西哥瓦哈卡洲 Oaxaca, Mexico

类名Species	倍性Ploidy	染色体组Genome	染色体数Chromosome number	地理分布Geographical distribution
陆地棉 G. hirsutum	4X	（AD）₁	2n=4X=52	世界广泛栽培 Worldwide cultivation
拟似棉 G. gossypioides	2X	D₆	2n=2X=26	墨西哥瓦哈卡洲 Oaxaca, Mexico

材料 Material	平均荧光强度 Mean fluorescence intensity	倍性 Ploidy
P₁	229.85	4X
F₁	136.44	3X
P₂	80.91	2X
M₀-1	258.47	6X
M₀-2	264.87	6X
M₀-3	176.52	3X-6X
M₀-4	284.34	6X

材料 Material	平均荧光强度 Mean fluorescence intensity	倍性 Ploidy
P₁	229.85	4X
F₁	136.44	3X
P₂	80.91	2X
M₀-1	258.47	6X
M₀-2	264.87	6X
M₀-3	176.52	3X-6X
M₀-4	284.34	6X

材料Material	叶面积Leaf area/mm²	叶形指数Leaf index	叶裂数leaf lobes	表面是否有茸毛Surface fuzz	相对叶绿素含量SPAD
P₁	3 959.15±261.99 aA	0.69±0.08 cB	4-6	有	34.25±0.91 bBC
P₂	3 819.18±270.21 aA	1.47±0.19 aA	3-5	无	30.91±1.89 cC
F₁	1 666.25±113.43 cB	0.93±0.11 bB	4-6	无	35.03±1.08 bB
M₀	2 124.53±23.94 bB	0.69±0.06 cB	3-6	有	40.97±1.00 aA