Character Identification and Genetic Analysis of Distant Hybrid Between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium sturtianum

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1359

Abstract

Abstract:

Distant hybridization of cotton is an important approach for germplasm innovation and breeding of new varieties. In this study,the distant hybrid of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium sturtianum synthesized in the laboratory were used as materials and was identified in terms of morphology,cytogenetics and SSR molecular markers. Morphological analysis and comparison of the parents and hybrids were carried out from three aspects of plants,leaves and flowers respectively. Results showed that the hybrid plants were higher than that of the parents and the leaves were larger than that of the parents,demonstrating obvious heterosis. The colors of the leaves were emerald green,similar to that of the male parent. And the colors of the basal spots of hybrids were dark red,similar to that of the male parent. As for cytogenetics,pollen mother cell meiosis was observed in hybrids,and the results showed that there were many abnormal behaviors in the process of meiosis in sterile hybrid F1,among which diad,triad,tetrad and polyad accounted for 24.00%,10.40%,40.60% and 25.00%,respectively. In the tetrad,72.91% of normal tetrad and 27.09% of abnormal tetrad resulted in the formation of 24.00% abnormal pollen grains and 76.00% of normal pollen grains,which were the main reasons for hybrid sterility. Finally,the identification of SSR molecular marker showed that F1 hybrids not only amplified the complementary bands of the parents,but also amplified the specific bands that the parents did not have. The proportions of genetic components were as follows：7.69% for the male parent,34.62% for the female parent,23.07% for the parental complementary bands,and 34.62% for specific new bands. It is not only suggested that the gene recombination occurred in the hybridization process,but also confirmed that the hybrid was the true hybrid of G. hirsutum and G. sturtianum at the molecular level. At the same time,this study provides valuable materials for the genetic breeding and germplasm innovation of cotton.

Key words: Gossypium sturtianum, distant hybridization, character identification, SSR

ZHAO Zhu-yue, SHEN Zhuang-zhuang, WANG Yi-fan, YANG Ya-jie, RONG Er-hua, WU Yu-xiang. Character Identification and Genetic Analysis of Distant Hybrid Between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium sturtianum[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(5): 19-27.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Materials and their geographical distribution

材料Materials	染色体组Genome	分布地Distribution
陆地棉G. hirsutum	AD₁	世界栽培种 World cultivated species
斯特提棉G. sturtianum	C₂	澳大利亚中部南部 Central and south Australia

Fig.1 Plant comparison between parents and hybrid A: G. hirsutum. B: Hybrid F1. C: G. sturtianum

Fig.2 Leaf comparison between parents and hybrid (Ruler: 20 mm) A: G. hirsutum. B: G. sturtianum. C: Hybrid F1

Fig.3 Flower comparison between parents and hybrid A: G. hirsutum. B: Hybrid F1. C: G. sturtianum

Fig.4 Normal and abnormal meiosis behavior of G. hirsutum×G. sturtianum F1 hybrid (Ruler: 20 μm) A: Abnormal dyad. B: Triad. C: Abnormal tetrad. D: Normal tetrad. E-H: Polyad

Table 2 Number of multispores in telophase II of ADC hybrid meiosis

形式Shape	二分体Dyad	三分体Triad	四分体Tetrad	多分体Polyad	总数Total
No	120	52	203	125	500
%	24.00	10.40	40.60	25.00	100

Fig.5 Various normal and abnormal pollen grains after meiosis of F1 hybrid (Ruler: 20 μm) A: Normal pollen grain. B: One normal and one underdeveloped pollen grain. C: One normal and two underdeveloped pollen grains. D: A malformed pollen grain. E: One normal and one underdeveloped pollen grain. F: A cracked pollen grain. G: Three normal pollen grains. H: One normal and one underdeveloped pollen grain

Fig.6 Amplification results of SSR primers in hybrid and parents

Table 3 Source distribution of SSR polymorphisms in hybrid

材料Material	杂种Hybrid	母本Female parent	父本Male parent	双亲互补带Parental complementary band	特异性条带Specific band
扩增条带 Amplification bands	26	9	2	6	9
遗传比例 Genetic ratio/%	-	34.62	7.69	23.07	34.62

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