Regulation of Maize Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Metabolism

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0075

Abstract

Abstract:

Anthocyanidins exist in the form of glycosides bound to glucose or fibre disaccharide molecules, and are a class of water-soluble natural pigments that are widely found in fruits, vegetables and flowers in nature. Anthocyanins have physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, and virus growth inhibition, thus they have broad application prospects in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Purple corn is an anthocyanin-rich crop, and the study of its anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is of high practical significance. With the in-depth study of anthocyanin synthesis pathway in plants, the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway has been gradually clarified, but the anthocyanin regulatory genes and the mechanism still have a lot of room for exploration. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the study of anthocyanin-rich maize, but the precision breeding of anthocyanin-rich maize needs further research. In this paper, we reviewed the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, key enzyme genes and regulatory genes of maize, systematically analysed the effects of structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of maize as well as regulatory genes, such as MYB, bHLH, WD40, etc., and elaborated on the regulation of anthocyanins by the MBW ternary complex. We also discussed the unresolved issues in breeding anthocyanin-rich maize and the future research direction, with a view to providing reference for future research on the genetic improvement of anthocyanins in maize and the selection of maize varieties with high anthocyanin content.

Key words: anthocyanidin, maize, biosynthesis, metabolic regulation

HU Jin-jin, LI Su-zhen, MA Xu-hui, LIU Xiao-qing, XIE Shan-shan, JIANG Hai-yang, CHEN Ru-mei. Regulation of Maize Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Metabolism[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(6): 34-44.

Figures/Tables 5

References 71

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基因名Gene name	染色体位置Chromosome position	名称Name	ID	参考文献Reference
c2（ZmCHS)	4	查尔酮合酶Chalcone synthase	Zm00001d052673	[15⇓-17]
chi1（ZmCHI)	1	查尔酮异构酶Chalcone isomerase	Zm00001d034635	[18]
fht1（ZmF3H)	2	黄烷酮3-羟化酶Flavanon -3-hydroxylase	Zm00001d001960	[19]
pr1（ZmF3'H)	5	黄烷酮3'-羟化酶Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase	Zm00001d017077	[20⇓-22]
A1（ZmDFR)	3	二氢黄酮醇还原酶Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase	Zm00001d044122	[23-24]
A2（ZmANS)	5	花青素合酶Anthocyanidin aynthase	Zm00001d014914	[25-26]
bz1（ZmUFGT)	9	类黄酮3-O葡萄糖基转移酶Flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase	Zm00001d045055	[27-28]

基因名Gene name	染色体位置Chromosome position	名称Name	ID	参考文献Reference
c2（ZmCHS)	4	查尔酮合酶Chalcone synthase	Zm00001d052673	[15⇓-17]
chi1（ZmCHI)	1	查尔酮异构酶Chalcone isomerase	Zm00001d034635	[18]
fht1（ZmF3H)	2	黄烷酮3-羟化酶Flavanon -3-hydroxylase	Zm00001d001960	[19]
pr1（ZmF3'H)	5	黄烷酮3'-羟化酶Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase	Zm00001d017077	[20⇓-22]
A1（ZmDFR)	3	二氢黄酮醇还原酶Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase	Zm00001d044122	[23-24]
A2（ZmANS)	5	花青素合酶Anthocyanidin aynthase	Zm00001d014914	[25-26]
bz1（ZmUFGT)	9	类黄酮3-O葡萄糖基转移酶Flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase	Zm00001d045055	[27-28]

转录因子 Transcription factor	基因名 Gene name	位置 Chromosome position	调控着色部位 Regulatory staining site	ID	参考文献 Reference
MYB	Colored aleurone1 (C1)	9	种子糊粉层	Zm00001d044975 Zm00001d008695	[39-40]
	Purple plant (pl)	6	花和营养组织	Zm00001d037118	[39]
	Pericarp color 1 (p1)	1	种皮、玉米棒和花丝	Zm00001d028850	[41-42]
	Pericarp color 2 (p2)	1	花药、花丝	Zm00001d028842	[42]
bHLH	Seed colorcomponent at R1 (r1)	10	种子糊粉层	Zm00001d026147	[40,43]
bHLH	Colored plant1 (B1)	2	叶、叶鞘、雄穗、花药	Zm00001d000236	[44]
WD40	Pale aleurone color1（pac1）	5	整株植株	Zm00001eb250750	[45]

转录因子 Transcription factor	基因名 Gene name	位置 Chromosome position	调控着色部位 Regulatory staining site	ID	参考文献 Reference
MYB	Colored aleurone1 (C1)	9	种子糊粉层	Zm00001d044975 Zm00001d008695	[39-40]
	Purple plant (pl)	6	花和营养组织	Zm00001d037118	[39]
	Pericarp color 1 (p1)	1	种皮、玉米棒和花丝	Zm00001d028850	[41-42]
	Pericarp color 2 (p2)	1	花药、花丝	Zm00001d028842	[42]
bHLH	Seed colorcomponent at R1 (r1)	10	种子糊粉层	Zm00001d026147	[40,43]
bHLH	Colored plant1 (B1)	2	叶、叶鞘、雄穗、花药	Zm00001d000236	[44]
WD40	Pale aleurone color1（pac1）	5	整株植株	Zm00001eb250750	[45]