Fungal Diversity, Community Structure and Prediction of Ecological Function in Basomtso Lake, Xizang

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0445

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the species diversity and community structure of the fungi and to provide scientific basis for the conservation of biodiversity in the region and the study of plateau lake ecosystems.【Method】Water samples were collected from 24 sampling sites in the Basomtso Lake, and 16S rDNA Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to analyze the fungal community composition, functional prediction, and the correlation between environmental factors and fungal communities in the Basomtso Lake.【Result】A total of 5 930 OUTs were obtained, belonging to 17 phyla, 59 orders, 137 orders, 327 families, 591 genera and 815 species, which demonstrated the rich diversity of fungi in Basomtso Lake. The dominant phyla of fungi in the Basomtso Lake were Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis and Basidiomycota; the dominant fungal orders were Pezizales, Rhizophydiales, Fungi_ord_Incertae_sedis, Zygophlyctidales, Atheliales, Helotiales, Tremellales, and Hypocreales. Using the FUNGuild database, we analyzed that the fungi in the Basomtso Lake had diverse nutritional modes, containing three types of trophic and five types of compound trophic functional groups, the largest proportion of which was the symbiotic trophic（Symbiotroph, 10.68%-57.56%）, and contained a large number of unknown functional flora. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between Simpson's index and Temp（r=-0.50, P<0.05）, and a highly significant and positive correlation with Shannon's index（r=0.85, P<0.001）, and RDA analyses showed that Temp, pH and DO were important environmental factors influencing the composition of fungal communities in the water bodies of Basomtso Lake.【Conclusion】The abundance and diversity of fungal resources in the Basomtso Lake are high, and the nutritional mode of fungi is diverse, mainly symbiotic nutrients, while there are still a large number of unknown functional taxa, and they are a biological resource base to be developed.

Key words: plateau lake, aquatic fungi, ecological function, high-throughput sequencing

ZHOU Di, WANG Dong-xu, GE Sangquzhen, OU Mei-xiang, GUO Xiao-fang, DE Ji. Fungal Diversity, Community Structure and Prediction of Ecological Function in Basomtso Lake, Xizang[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(1): 298-311.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Rarefaction curve

Fig. 2 Alpha diversity index of fungi in water bodies at different points of the Basomtso Lake

Table 1 Alpha diversity index of different groups in Basomtso Lake

Group	Observed_species	Shannon	Simpson	Chao1	ACE	Goods_coverage	PD_whole_tree
1	532.88b	4.62ab	0.85 a	581.52b	600.20b	1.00a	449.73ab
2	650.25a	4.83ab	0.84 a	710.14ab	729.01a	1.00a	612.97a
3	627.75a	4.90ab	0.89 a	689.21ab	712.81ab	1.00a	498.48ab
4	544.67b	4.79ab	0.92 a	609.63ab	647.28b	1.00a	374.15b
5	770.33a	5.65a	0.93 a	830.03a	856.01a	1.00a	598.16a
6	583.00b	4.26b	0.82 a	650.78ab	675.16ab	1.00a	443.63ab

Fig. 3 PCoA analysis（A）and NMDS analysis（B）of fungi in the Basomtso Lake

Fig. 4 Distribution of fungal communities at different sites in the water bodies of the Basomtso Lake

Fig. 5 Phylogenetic evolutionary tree analysis of species at genus level

Fig. 6 Distribution of phylum of fungal communities（A）and order of fungal communities in different waters of the Basomtso Lake

Fig. 7 Correlation between fungi and environmental factors of heatmap (A), RDA analysis plots (B), and correlation analysis between fungal phylum (C) and top10 at order (D) level and environmental factors in the Basomtso Lake

Fig. 8 Trophic composition of fungi（A）, detailed classification of fungi FunGuild（B）, and functionally annotated clustered heatmap of fungi in the water bodies of the Basomtso Lake

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