干细胞技术在地方猪种质资源保护中的应用前景

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国是养猪大国,拥有全球1/3猪种质资源。但近年来,我国地方品种猪养殖量急剧减少,部分品种几近灭绝,地方猪种遗传资源多样性遭受严重破坏,优质基因不断流失。如何有效保护和保存这些优良种质资源是非常紧迫和关键的问题。目前猪种质资源保护包括原位保存、精液和胚胎冷冻保存、DNA文库保种和体细胞冷冻保存等,但都存在一定局限性。干细胞是一类可以自我更新并具有分化潜能的细胞群体,它不仅能分化成不同类型的细胞,还可以通过分裂维持自身群体稳定。在小鼠和猪等动物上,利用干细胞已成功获得健康后代。最近,以干细胞研究为引领的种质资源保护新浪潮正在兴起,干细胞技术将成为我国地方猪种质资源保护的新手段。

关键词: 干细胞技术, 地方猪, 种质资源, 保护

Abstract: Our country is one where a large amount of pigs is breeding,owing 1/3 of the global porcine germplasm resources. However,in recent years,the breeding volume of indigenous pig has decreased sharply,and some breeds are almost extinct. The genetic resource diversity of indigenous pig breeds in China has been seriously damaged,and high-quality genes have been lost continuously. How to effectively protect and conserve these excellent germplasm resources is an urgent and critical issue. At present,the protection of porcine germplasm resources includes in situ conservation,cryopreservation of semen and embryos,DNA library conservation and cryopreservation of somatic cells;however on which there are some limitations. Stem cells are a type of cell population that can self-renew and have the potential to differentiate. It can not only differentiate into different types of cells,but also maintain the stability of its own population through division. Healthy offspring have been created successfully by stem cells in pigs and mice. Recently,a new wave of germplasm resource conservation led by stem cell research is emerging. Stem cell technology may become a new means to protect indigenous porcine germplasm resources.

Key words: stem cell technology, native pig breeds, germplasm resources, conservation

孙嘉栋, 孙晓凤, 李兰, 沈伟, 程顺峰. 干细胞技术在地方猪种质资源保护中的应用前景[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(8): 228-234.

SUN Jia-dong, SUN Xiao-feng, LI Lan, SHEN Wei, CHENG Shun-feng. Application Prospects of Stem Cell Technology in the Protection of Indigenous Porcine Germplasm Resources[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(8): 228-234.

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