大豆疫病拮抗菌的筛选及促生抗病作用研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选对大豆疫病有拮抗作用的菌株,以疫病病原菌大豆疫霉Phytophthora sojae为供试病原菌,以大豆根际微生物为材料,采用琼脂块法和生长速率法进行拮抗菌分离,获得了对病原菌有明显拮抗效果的放线菌XS1-5。经形态学指标、理化指标和分子生物学指标鉴定为白孢链霉菌（Streptomyces albosporeus）。利用不同浓度拮抗菌XS1-5孢子进行大豆种子包衣试验,结果表明,拮抗菌XS1-5促进大豆生长,提高叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力,增加叶片和根系保护性酶活性。XS1-5孢子浓度为1.0×10⁸ CFU/g包衣后,大豆株高、根长、地上鲜重和地下鲜重分别增加19.92%、28.26%、87.40%和34.51%,叶绿素a（Ca）含量（7.53 mg/L）比对照增加50.6%,根系活力（685.41 μg/g·h）为对照的2.4倍。同时大豆叶片CAT、SOD和POD活力分别增加158.86%、459.71%和135.45%。本研究筛选的拮抗菌XS1-5对大豆有一定的促生抗病作用。

关键词: 大豆疫病, 放线菌, 促生, 抗病

Abstract:

To screen the strain with good antagonistic effect against the phytophthora root rot of soybean,actinomycete XS1-5 with significant antagonism was isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil by agar block method and mycelia growth assay while taking the Phytophthora sojae of phytophthora root rot pathogen. Strain XS1-5 was identified as Streptomyces albosporeus based on morphological,physiochemical characters as well as molecular methods. The pot experiment was carried out with soybean seeds coated with different spore concentrations of the XS1-5. The results showed the application of the XS1-5 significantly promoted soybean growth,and increased chlorophyll content,root vitality and the protective enzymes in the leaf and root of soybean. When spore concentration was 1.0×10 ⁸ CFU/g,the plant height,root length,fresh weight and dry weight increased by 19.92%、28.26%、87.40% and 34.51%;meanwhile,chlorophyll content（7.53 mg/L）by 50.6% and root vitality（685.41 μg/g·h）by 2.4 folds increased,compared with the control,respectively,as well as the CAT,SOD and POD activity of leaf increased significantly by 158.86%,459.71% and 135.45%. The above results indicate that the antagonistic strain XS1-5 screened in this study has a certain disease-control and growth-promoting effect on soybean.

Key words: phytophthora root rot, actinomycetes, growth promotion, disease control

张鸿雁, 高擎, 张琳园, 林国莉, 李如莲. 大豆疫病拮抗菌的筛选及促生抗病作用研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(10): 25-31.

ZHANG Hong-yan, GAO qing, ZHANG Lin-yuan, LIN Guo-li, LI Ru-lian. Screening of Actinomycetes Against Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean and Its Growth Promotion and Disease Control[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(10): 25-31.

图/表 9

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菌株编号	D/mm	T	孢子丰富
XS1-5	20.5±3.4a	+++	+++
GF1	15.2±3.1a	+++	+++
GT26	7.5±2.6c	+++	+
YU41	9.3±2.9bc	+++	+++
YU54	10.6±3.6bc	+++	+++
GF20	8.9±2.8c	+++	+++
X9	15.7±4.1a	+++	++

菌株编号	D/mm	T	孢子丰富
XS1-5	20.5±3.4a	+++	+++
GF1	15.2±3.1a	+++	+++
GT26	7.5±2.6c	+++	+
YU41	9.3±2.9bc	+++	+++
YU54	10.6±3.6bc	+++	+++
GF20	8.9±2.8c	+++	+++
X9	15.7±4.1a	+++	++

菌株	稀释度	48 h	72 h	96 h	120 h	144 h	168 h
XS1-5	1:1	15.2±3.7b	57.3±9.9a	76.6±6.7a	86.6±6.0a	90.9±8.0a	89.4±4.8a
	1：10	12.5±2.5c	35.5±1.2bc	51.5±7.7b	69.7±9.1b	77.9±5.9b	72.3±9.2b
	1:100	12.4±0.5c	33.7±2.4c	42.4±3.3c	54.1±6.2cd	67.5±6.8c	40.1±9.1f
GF1	1:1	20.9±6.2a	39.4±9.9b	42.8±6.2c	59.6±8.4c	69.2±9.2c	67.0±8.0c
	1:10	26.4±0.9a	36.1±2.3bc	43.1±6.7c	50.8±9.0e	56.5±6.5d	53.1±5.3d
	1:100	20.5±1.0a	25.3±3.4d	28.1±4.6e	35.2±8.3g	50.9±5.5e	42.7±6.1e
X9	1:1	13.8±0.1c	25.4±0.2d	49.1±2.0b	69.4±5.1b	57.5±4.9d	45.8±3.0e
	1:10	23.2±2.2a	26.7±2.6d	40.5±6.8cd	52.1±7.7cd	44.3±8.2f	36.5±5.0g
	1:100	15.2±2.0b	20.0±3.6e	31.2±6.1e	40.0±6.9f	45.3±6.9f	40.5±6.3f

菌株	稀释度	48 h	72 h	96 h	120 h	144 h	168 h
XS1-5	1:1	15.2±3.7b	57.3±9.9a	76.6±6.7a	86.6±6.0a	90.9±8.0a	89.4±4.8a
	1：10	12.5±2.5c	35.5±1.2bc	51.5±7.7b	69.7±9.1b	77.9±5.9b	72.3±9.2b
	1:100	12.4±0.5c	33.7±2.4c	42.4±3.3c	54.1±6.2cd	67.5±6.8c	40.1±9.1f
GF1	1:1	20.9±6.2a	39.4±9.9b	42.8±6.2c	59.6±8.4c	69.2±9.2c	67.0±8.0c
	1:10	26.4±0.9a	36.1±2.3bc	43.1±6.7c	50.8±9.0e	56.5±6.5d	53.1±5.3d
	1:100	20.5±1.0a	25.3±3.4d	28.1±4.6e	35.2±8.3g	50.9±5.5e	42.7±6.1e
X9	1:1	13.8±0.1c	25.4±0.2d	49.1±2.0b	69.4±5.1b	57.5±4.9d	45.8±3.0e
	1:10	23.2±2.2a	26.7±2.6d	40.5±6.8cd	52.1±7.7cd	44.3±8.2f	36.5±5.0g
	1:100	15.2±2.0b	20.0±3.6e	31.2±6.1e	40.0±6.9f	45.3±6.9f	40.5±6.3f

XS1-5	气生菌丝	基内菌丝	可溶性色素
蔗糖硝酸盐琼脂	无	无色	无
葡糖天冬素琼脂	白色	红色	无
淀粉琼脂	无	微红色	无
甘油苹果酸钙琼脂	白色	粉色	无
营养琼脂	无	乳脂色	无