抗猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征基因编辑猪研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0373

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征是由猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus，PRRSV）引起的一种病毒性传染病。该病是影响我国生猪产业健康发展的最重要的三大疫病之一。目前对于该病的防控主要依赖于养殖场内外部生物安全体系，采取合理措施降低病毒的污染，切断病毒传播途径。从保护易感动物的角度而言，抗病育种也是疫病防控的重大策略之一。近年来，随着基因编辑技术的发展和成熟，分子育种作为猪抗病育种的核心技术，已显示出其独特的优势。国内外多个研究团队已利用分子育种技术在抗PRRS育种方面取得很多突破性进展。本文以PRRSV受体为切入点，综述当前猪抗PRRS育种的研究现状，以期为PRRS的防控和猪的抗病育种研究提供参考和线索。

关键词: 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征, 猪, 抗病育种, CRISPR/Cas9

Abstract:

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a viral infectious disease caused by Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV）. The disease is one of the three most important diseases affecting the healthy development of pig industry in China. At present, the prevention and control of the disease mainly depends on the internal and external biosecurity system of the farm, taking reasonable measures to reduce the pollution of the virus, and cutting off the circulation and transmission of the virus among pigs. From the perspective of protecting susceptible animals, breeding for disease resistance is also one of the major strategies for disease prevention and control. In recent years, with the development and maturity of gene editing technology, molecular breeding, as the core technology of pig disease resistance breeding, has shown its unique advantages. Several teams have made many breakthroughs in PRRS resistance breeding by using molecular breeding technology. This article takes the PRRSV receptor as the entry point, and reviews the current research status of pig PRRS-resistant breeding, aiming to provide reference and clues for the prevention and control of PRRS and the research of pig disease-resistant breeding.

Key words: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, pig, disease-resistant breeding, CRISPR/Cas9

李双喜, 华进联. 抗猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征基因编辑猪研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(10): 50-57.

LI Shuang-xi, HUA Jin-lian. Research Progress in Anti-porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Genetically Modified Pigs[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 50-57.

图/表 1

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编辑位点 Editing site	编辑类型 Editing type	CD163分子表达情况 Expressing situation of CD163	对PRRSV毒株的易感性 Susceptibility to PRRSV strains	体外实验 In vitro	体内实验 In vivo	参考文献 Reference
猪源CD163 分子第7外显子	插入或缺失		对基因2型毒株不易感		猪	[36]
	插入或缺失	未检测到	对基因1型和2型毒株不易感	PAMs	猪	[25]
	人源类CD163蛋白SRCR8结构域编码基因替换猪源CD163分子第7外显子	表达嵌合CD163分子	对基因1型毒株不易感，对基因2型毒株易感	PAMs	猪	[25]
	人源类CD163蛋白SRCR8结构域编码基因替换猪源CD163分子第7外显子	表达嵌合CD163分子	对高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[37]
	插入或缺失	表达缺失SRCR5结构域的CD163	肺泡巨噬细胞（PAMs）和集落刺激因子1刺激的外周血单核细胞（PMMs）对基因I型第1、2和3亚型毒株不易感，PMMs对基因II型毒株不易感	PAMs和PMMs		[38]
		表达缺失SRCR5结构域的CD163	对基因1型第2亚型的高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[37]
		未检测到	对基因2型高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[39]
		表达截短的CD163蛋白（SRCR5结构域缺失41aa，缺失区域包含病毒受体结合位点）	对基因2型毒株JXA1和MY不易感	PAMs	猪	[40]
		未检测到	对基因2型高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[41]

编辑位点 Editing site	编辑类型 Editing type	CD163分子表达情况 Expressing situation of CD163	对PRRSV毒株的易感性 Susceptibility to PRRSV strains	体外实验 In vitro	体内实验 In vivo	参考文献 Reference
猪源CD163 分子第7外显子	插入或缺失		对基因2型毒株不易感		猪	[36]
	插入或缺失	未检测到	对基因1型和2型毒株不易感	PAMs	猪	[25]
	人源类CD163蛋白SRCR8结构域编码基因替换猪源CD163分子第7外显子	表达嵌合CD163分子	对基因1型毒株不易感，对基因2型毒株易感	PAMs	猪	[25]
	人源类CD163蛋白SRCR8结构域编码基因替换猪源CD163分子第7外显子	表达嵌合CD163分子	对高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[37]
	插入或缺失	表达缺失SRCR5结构域的CD163	肺泡巨噬细胞（PAMs）和集落刺激因子1刺激的外周血单核细胞（PMMs）对基因I型第1、2和3亚型毒株不易感，PMMs对基因II型毒株不易感	PAMs和PMMs		[38]
		表达缺失SRCR5结构域的CD163	对基因1型第2亚型的高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[37]
		未检测到	对基因2型高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[39]
		表达截短的CD163蛋白（SRCR5结构域缺失41aa，缺失区域包含病毒受体结合位点）	对基因2型毒株JXA1和MY不易感	PAMs	猪	[40]
		未检测到	对基因2型高致病性毒株不易感		猪	[41]