植物异戊烯基转移酶研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0476

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

次生代谢产物的生物学作用被认为是高等植物生存和进化的关键。类异戊二烯（Isoprenoids）化合物作为植物中极为丰富的一类次生代谢物,在植物信号转导、适应气候、繁殖及防御等方面具有多种生理功能。此外,植物类异戊二烯化合物还广泛应用于制药、天然乳胶、香料及有机合成等工业领域,具有重要的经济价值。异戊烯基转移酶（Prenyltransferase,PT）是连接上游甲羟戊酸和磷酸甲基赤藓糖途径与下游不同结构类异戊二烯生物合成分支点的关键酶,因此异戊烯基转移酶及其基因在整个类异戊二烯生物合成与调控过程中具有重要地位。本文介绍了植物类异戊二烯生物合成通路、异戊烯基转移酶基因克隆与分析、酶功能鉴定及其系统分类,并介绍了其在针叶树中的研究进展,旨在为植物类异戊二烯化合物生物合成与调控机制的进一步研究提供帮助,同时为针叶树种产脂和抗生物逆境的分子水平研究指明相关方向。

关键词: 类异戊二烯, 生物合成, 异戊烯基转移酶, 基因家族

Abstract:

The biological role of secondary metabolites is recognized as the key to the survival and evolution of higher plants. Isoprenoids compounds,as a very rich class of secondary metabolites in plants,demonstrate various physiological functions in plant signal transduction,climate adaptation,reproduction and defense. In addition,plant isoprenoids compounds are also widely used in pharmaceutical,natural latex,perfume,organic synthesis and other industrial fields,with important economic values. Prenyltransferase（PT）is a key enzyme that connects the upstream mevalonate-independent and methyl-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway with the downstream branch points of isoprenoids biosynthesis of different structures. Therefore,prenyltransferase and their genes play an important role in the process of isoprenoids biosynthesis and regulation. This article introduces the biosynthesis pathway of isoprenoids in plants,prenyltransferase genes cloning and analysis,function identification of enzymes and systematic classification,and also introduces research progress in conifers. The aim is to provide assistance for the analysis of plant isoprenoids biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms,and to point out some molecular research fields on producing rosin and biological adversity resistance of conifers.

Key words: isoprenoids, biosynthesis, prenyltransferase, gene family

陈妤, 朱沛煌, 李荣, 朱灵芝, 季孔庶. 植物异戊烯基转移酶研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(2): 149-161.

CHEN Yu, ZHU Pei-huang, LI Rong, ZHU Ling-zhi, JI Kong-shu. Research Progress of Plant Prenyltransferases[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(2): 149-161.

图/表 4

图1 植物类异戊二烯生物合成途径[14-15,21]

图2 异戊烯基转移酶基因氨基酸序列比对 CsGPPS：大麻Cannabis sativa（ARE72269.1）;GrGPPS：滇龙胆Gentiana rigescens（AHK06853.1）;LcGFPPS：米团花Leucosceptrum canum（ALT16903.1）;PgGPPS：白云杉Picea glauca（AHE15048.1）;PtGGPPS：火炬松Pinus taeda（QBS32941.1）;JcGGPPS：麻风树Jatropha curcas（ADD82422.1）;AtGGPPS：拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana（NP_179960.1）;AtFPPS：拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana（NP_199588.1）;SmFPPS：丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza（ABV08819.1）;TmFPPS：曼地亚红豆杉Taxus × media（AAS19931.1）

图3 不同植物异戊烯基转移酶基因系统进化树外圈：裸子植物为黄色,被子植物为黄绿色,蕨类植物为紫色;内圈：GPPS以青色为背景,GGPPS以淡黄色为背景,FPPS以橙色为背景,GFPPS以淡紫色为背景。 Gentiana rigescens：滇龙胆;Swertia mussotii：川西獐牙菜;Jasminum sambac：茉莉;Castanea mollissima：板栗;Cannabis sativa：大麻;Morus alba：桑;Taraxacum kok-saghyz：橡胶草;Scoparia dulcis：野甘草;Zea mays：玉米;Leucosceptrum canum：米团花;Arabidopsis thaliana：拟南芥;Jatropha curcas：麻风树;Picea abies：欧洲云杉;Ginkgo biloba：银杏;Taxus canadensis：加拿大红豆杉;Taxus × media：曼地亚红豆杉;Abies grandis：冷杉;Picea glauca：白云杉;Pinus massoniana：马尾松;Pinus taeda：火炬松;Populus trichocarpa：毛果杨;Gardenia jasminoides：栀子;Selaginella moellendorffii：卷柏;Helianthus annuus：向日葵;Salvia miltiorrhiza：丹参;Hevea brasiliensis：橡胶树;Citrus sinensis：甜橙;Paeonia lactiflora：芍药;Catharanthus roseus：长春花;Quercus robur：夏栎;Camptotheca acuminata：喜树;Vitis vinifera：葡萄;Glycine max：大豆;Medicago sativa：紫花苜蓿;Oryza sativa：水稻;Chimonanthus praecox：腊梅;Magnolia chapensis：乐昌含笑;Musa acuminata：香蕉;Alisma plantago-aquatica：泽泻;Santalum album：檀香;Artemisia annua：黄花蒿;Citrus × microcarpa：柑橘;Cyclocarya paliurus：青钱柳;Panax ginseng：人参

表1 针叶树中已克隆的部分异戊烯基转移酶基因

基因名称	物种	登录号	文献
PgIDS	Picea glauca	AHE15048.1	[85]
PtIDS1/PtIDS2	Pinus taeda	EF095154/EF095155	[68]
AgGPPS	Abies grandis	AAN01133-5	[88]
PaGPPS	Picea abies	ACA21458-9	[27]
PaFPPS	Picea abies	ACA21460	[86]
TmFPPS	Taxus media	AY461811	[87]
AgGGPPS	Abies grandis	AAL17614	[89]
TcaGGPPS	Taxus canadensis	AAD16018	[90]
PaGGPPS	Picea abies	ACA21461-2	[86]
PaGPPS/GGPPS	Picea abies	ACZ57571	[27]
PmGGPPS	Pinus massoniana	AGU43761.1	[91]
CmGGPPs	Cephalotaxus mannii	AGM53487.1	[92]

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