兼防黄瓜根腐病和根结线虫病的淡紫拟青霉和哈茨木霉的筛选

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0872

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蔬菜根腐病和根结线虫病严重危害蔬菜生产,淡紫拟青霉（Purpureocillium lilacinum）和哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）在防治根腐病和根结线虫病等单一土传病害中具有应用潜力,为筛选同时防控这两种土传病害的淡紫拟青霉（P. lilacinum）和哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）菌株,从京北5省采集茄科、葫芦科蔬菜的根际土样25份,从中分离共获得真菌699株,通过平板对峙培养筛选出拮抗病原菌尖孢镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum）的拮抗菌株89株,通过ITS1/ITS4扩增测序筛选获得3株淡紫拟青霉（P. lilacinum）（2018-31、2018-32和2019-79）和2株哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）（2018-44和2018-54）。采用菌株发酵液泡根方法评价候选拮抗菌株对黄瓜幼苗的安全性,发现哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）的2株菌株（2018-44和2018-54）对黄瓜幼苗均安全,而淡紫拟青霉（P. lilacinum）仅有1株菌株（2018-32）对黄瓜幼苗安全。通过盆栽试验进一步测试其对黄瓜根腐病和根结线虫病的防效,发现2018-32号淡紫拟青霉（P. lilacinum）和2018-44号哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）对根腐病的防效分别为81.19%和73.08%,对根结线虫病的防效分别为64.06%和50.54%,其防效均好于同类商品菌剂,研究结果表明本研究筛选的淡紫拟青霉（P. lilacinum）（2018-32）和哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）（2018-44）菌株对黄瓜根腐病和根结线虫病同时具有良好的防效。

关键词: 蔬菜根际土壤, 根腐病, 根结线虫病, 生防真菌, 哈茨木霉, 淡紫拟青霉

Abstract:

Root rot and root-knot nematode diseases seriously cause damages to vegetable production. It was reported that Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma harzianum presented potentials to control the individual root rot or root-knot nematode disease. In order to screen P. lilacinum and T. harzianum strains for simultaneously controlling these two diseases,25 rhizospheric soil samples of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae vegetables were collected from 5 provinces on the north of Beijing,and 699 strains of fungal strains were isolated. The 89 strains were screened out to be antagonistic to the pathogenic strain Fusarium oxysporum,and their taxonomy were determined by sequencing the products amplified with ITS1/ITS4 prime pairs. Three P. lilacinum（2018-31,2018-32 and 2019-79）and two T. harzianum（2018-44 and 2018-54）strains were identified,and their safety to the host was evaluated by soaking the cucumber seedlings（Zhongnong 18）in the fermentation suspension. The results showed that one P. lilacinum（2018-32）and two T. harzianum（2018-44 and 2018-54）were proved to be non-pathogenic to the cucumber seedlings. Pot experiments were conducted to further investigate their efficiency for controlling the cucumber root rot and root-knot nematode disease,and the results showed that the control efficiency of P. lilacinum（2018-32）and T. harzianum（2018-44）strain on the root rot disease was 81.19% and 73.08%,respectively. While the control efficiency of P. lilacinum（2018-32）and T. harzianum（2018-44）strain on the root-knot nematode disease was 64.06% and 50.54%,respectively. All were better than the commercial agent of the same type. Our results revealed that the screened P. lilacinum（2018-32）and T. harzianum（2018-44）strain presented promising efficiency for simultaneously controlling cucumber root rot and root-knot nematode diseases.

Key words: vegetable rhizospheric soil, root rot disease, root-knot nematode disease, biocontrol fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum

张雅静, 宋美燕, 张怡静, 房庆, 杨俊, 彭德良, 黄文坤, 彭焕, 朱英波, 孔令安. 兼防黄瓜根腐病和根结线虫病的淡紫拟青霉和哈茨木霉的筛选[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(2): 40-50.

ZHANG Ya-jing, SONG Mei-yan, ZHANG Yi-jing, FANG Qing, YANG Jun, PENG De-liang, HUANG Wen-kun, PENG Huan, ZHU Ying-bo, KONG Ling-an. Identification of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma harzianum Strains for Simultaneously Controlling Cucumber Root Rot and Root-knot Nematode Diseases[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(2): 40-50.

图/表 9

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省份	菌株编号	分子鉴定结果	土样来源作物	安全性
河北	2018-40	Aspergillus spp.	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-41	Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis	番茄	干枯
	2018-42	Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis	番茄	安全
	2018-43	Aspergillus insulicola	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-44	Trichoderma harzianum	辣椒	安全
	2018-45	Aspergillus ochraceus	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-46	Aspergillus ochraceus	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-47	Myrothecium verrucaria	番茄	干枯
	2018-48	Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis	番茄	干枯
	2018-49	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-50	Fusarium spp.	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-51	Penicillium simplicissimum	番茄	安全
	2018-52	Metacordyceps chlamydosporia	番茄	安全
	2018-53	Aspergillus ochraceus	番茄	干枯
	2018-54	Trichoderma harzianum	辣椒	安全
	2018-83	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-84	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-85	Chaetomium spp.	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-86	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-87	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-88	Aspergillus micronesiensis	黄瓜	安全
	2018-89	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
黑龙江	2018-56	Fusarium acuminatum	番茄	干枯
	2018-58	Fusarium solani	茄子	黄化萎蔫
	2018-75	Fusarium solani	茄子	干枯
	2018-76	Fusarium oxysporum	辣椒	干枯
	2018-77	Fusarium solani	辣椒	黄化萎蔫
	2018-78	Fusarium solani	辣椒	干枯
	2018-82	Fusarium oxysporum	香瓜	黄化萎蔫
吉林	2018-57	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-59	Chaetomium spp.	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-73	Fusarium fujikuroi	马铃薯	干枯
	2018-74	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	安全
	2018-79	Purpureocillium lilacinum	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-80	Chaetomium piluliferum	马铃薯	安全
	2018-81	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
辽宁	2018-55	Simplicillium obclavatum	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-60	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-61	Mortierella spp.	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-62	Mortierella spp.	黄瓜	安全
	2018-63	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-64	Mortierella spp.	黄瓜	安全
	2018-65	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	安全
	2018-66	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-67	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-68	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	安全
	2018-69	Fusarium redolens	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-70	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-71	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-72	Chaetomium fuscum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
内蒙古	2018-1	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	干枯
	2018-2	Fusarium oxysporum	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-3	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	干枯
	2018-4	Fusarium equiseti	马铃薯	安全
	2018-5	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-6	Beauveria bassiana	番茄	安全
	2018-7	Aspergillus flavipes	黄瓜	安全
	2018-8	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-9	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-10	Fusarium equiseti	番茄	安全
	2018-11	Fusarium spp.	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-12	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-13	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-14	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-15	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-16	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-17	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-18	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	安全
	2018-19	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-20	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-21	Chaetomium piluliferum	黄瓜	安全
	2018-22	Fusarium cf. fujikuroi	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-23	Albifimbria verrucaria	番茄	安全
	2018-24	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-25	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-26	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-27	Fusarium cf. equiseti	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-28	Fusarium redolens	番茄	干枯
	2018-29	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-30	Fusarium oxysporum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-31	Purpureocillium lilacinum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-32	Purpureocillium lilacinum	番茄	安全
	2018-33	Mortierella indohii	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-34	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	安全
	2018-35	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-36	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-37	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	安全
	2018-38	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-39	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯

省份	菌株编号	分子鉴定结果	土样来源作物	安全性
河北	2018-40	Aspergillus spp.	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-41	Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis	番茄	干枯
	2018-42	Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis	番茄	安全
	2018-43	Aspergillus insulicola	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-44	Trichoderma harzianum	辣椒	安全
	2018-45	Aspergillus ochraceus	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-46	Aspergillus ochraceus	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-47	Myrothecium verrucaria	番茄	干枯
	2018-48	Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis	番茄	干枯
	2018-49	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-50	Fusarium spp.	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-51	Penicillium simplicissimum	番茄	安全
	2018-52	Metacordyceps chlamydosporia	番茄	安全
	2018-53	Aspergillus ochraceus	番茄	干枯
	2018-54	Trichoderma harzianum	辣椒	安全
	2018-83	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-84	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-85	Chaetomium spp.	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-86	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-87	Aspergillus ochraceus	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-88	Aspergillus micronesiensis	黄瓜	安全
	2018-89	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
黑龙江	2018-56	Fusarium acuminatum	番茄	干枯
	2018-58	Fusarium solani	茄子	黄化萎蔫
	2018-75	Fusarium solani	茄子	干枯
	2018-76	Fusarium oxysporum	辣椒	干枯
	2018-77	Fusarium solani	辣椒	黄化萎蔫
	2018-78	Fusarium solani	辣椒	干枯
	2018-82	Fusarium oxysporum	香瓜	黄化萎蔫
吉林	2018-57	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-59	Chaetomium spp.	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-73	Fusarium fujikuroi	马铃薯	干枯
	2018-74	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	安全
	2018-79	Purpureocillium lilacinum	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-80	Chaetomium piluliferum	马铃薯	安全
	2018-81	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
辽宁	2018-55	Simplicillium obclavatum	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-60	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-61	Mortierella spp.	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-62	Mortierella spp.	黄瓜	安全
	2018-63	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-64	Mortierella spp.	黄瓜	安全
	2018-65	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	安全
	2018-66	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-67	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-68	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	安全
	2018-69	Fusarium redolens	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-70	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-71	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-72	Chaetomium fuscum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
内蒙古	2018-1	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	干枯
	2018-2	Fusarium oxysporum	马铃薯	黄化萎蔫
	2018-3	Fusarium solani	马铃薯	干枯
	2018-4	Fusarium equiseti	马铃薯	安全
	2018-5	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-6	Beauveria bassiana	番茄	安全
	2018-7	Aspergillus flavipes	黄瓜	安全
	2018-8	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-9	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-10	Fusarium equiseti	番茄	安全
	2018-11	Fusarium spp.	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-12	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-13	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-14	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-15	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-16	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-17	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-18	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	安全
	2018-19	Fusarium solani	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-20	Fusarium solani	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-21	Chaetomium piluliferum	黄瓜	安全
	2018-22	Fusarium cf. fujikuroi	黄瓜	黄化萎蔫
	2018-23	Albifimbria verrucaria	番茄	安全
	2018-24	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-25	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-26	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-27	Fusarium cf. equiseti	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-28	Fusarium redolens	番茄	干枯
	2018-29	Fusarium oxysporum	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-30	Fusarium oxysporum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-31	Purpureocillium lilacinum	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-32	Purpureocillium lilacinum	番茄	安全
	2018-33	Mortierella indohii	番茄	黄化萎蔫
	2018-34	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	安全
	2018-35	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-36	Fusarium equiseti	黄瓜	安全
	2018-37	Chaetomium piluliferum	番茄	安全
	2018-38	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯
	2018-39	Mortierella alpina	黄瓜	干枯

试验处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	茎叶鲜重/g	根鲜重/g	发病率/%	防治效果/%
32号淡紫拟青霉+FO	20.50±0.28^bc	16.50±1.19^b	6.63±0.25^c	1.53±0.13^c	15.44±2.28^a	81.19±2.14^c
44号哈茨木霉+FO	21.25±2.28^c	16.25±0.75^b	6.50±0.15^c	1.40±0.18^c	22.22±2.22^b	73.08±1.92^b
淡紫拟青霉菌剂+FO	19.25±1.10^bc	15.25±1.31^b	6.33±0.21^c	1.33±0.18^c	31.11±0.11^c	61.96±0.00^a
哈茨木霉菌剂+FO	19.50±1.25^bc	15.50±0.64^b	6.30±0.04^c	1.30±0.15^c	33.11±2.22^c	58.33±3.63^a
清水	16.50±0.64^b	13.50±0.95^b	5.63±0.95^b	0.85±0.11^b	—	—
FO	9.00±1.00^a	8.00±0.81^a	3.83±0.19^a	0.35±0.65^a	82.22±2.22^d	—

试验处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	茎叶鲜重/g	根鲜重/g	发病率/%	防治效果/%
32号淡紫拟青霉+FO	20.50±0.28^bc	16.50±1.19^b	6.63±0.25^c	1.53±0.13^c	15.44±2.28^a	81.19±2.14^c
44号哈茨木霉+FO	21.25±2.28^c	16.25±0.75^b	6.50±0.15^c	1.40±0.18^c	22.22±2.22^b	73.08±1.92^b
淡紫拟青霉菌剂+FO	19.25±1.10^bc	15.25±1.31^b	6.33±0.21^c	1.33±0.18^c	31.11±0.11^c	61.96±0.00^a
哈茨木霉菌剂+FO	19.50±1.25^bc	15.50±0.64^b	6.30±0.04^c	1.30±0.15^c	33.11±2.22^c	58.33±3.63^a
清水	16.50±0.64^b	13.50±0.95^b	5.63±0.95^b	0.85±0.11^b	—	—
FO	9.00±1.00^a	8.00±0.81^a	3.83±0.19^a	0.35±0.65^a	82.22±2.22^d	—

试验处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	茎叶鲜重/g	根鲜重/g	根结指数	防治效果/%
32号淡紫拟青霉	56.25±1.75^cd	7.50±1.04^b	17.57±0.85^bc	0.53±0.14^a	8.89±0.28^b	64.06±0.73^b
44号哈茨木霉	51.75±0.48^bc	6.25±0.95^b	15.46±0.78^bc	0.88±0.18^a	12.22±0.28^c	50.54±1.48^a
淡紫拟青霉菌剂	52.25±1.11^bc	5.75±0.48^b	15.38±1.55^bc	1.00±0.28^a	9.72±0.28^b	60.65±1.40^b
哈茨木霉菌剂	49.00±3.30^b	5.50±0.29^b	14.28±0.66^b	0.85±0.23^a	12.50±0.48^c	49.43±2.01^a
氟吡菌酰胺	60.00±2.65^d	10.75±0.85^c	20.70±3.57^bc	0.68±0.13^a	5.00±0.48^a	79.77±1.94^c
清水	28.75±1.71^a	2.75±0.25^a	7.20±0.98^a	2.00±0.51^b	24.72±0.28^d	—