降水变化驱动下的高寒湿地产甲烷菌群落特征变化

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1580

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高寒湿地土壤微生物对全球气候变化十分敏感。为研究青藏高原高寒湿地土壤产甲烷菌群落对降水变化的响应,本研究设置了5种降水梯度,即自然降雨、减少自然降雨的25%和50%以及增加自然降雨的25%和50%。利用mcrA基因进行高通量测序分析土壤产甲烷菌的群落结构及多样性。高寒湿地产甲烷菌优势菌目为甲烷微菌目、八叠球菌目及甲烷杆菌目。增雨处理显著降低了产甲烷菌菌群的相对丰度以及多样性指数,减雨处理显著增加了产甲烷菌菌群的相对丰度以及多样性指数。产甲烷菌群落组成对增减雨50%处理的响应更显著,仅甲烷丝菌属和甲烷杆菌属分别对增雨25%处理及减雨25%处理较敏感;产甲烷菌群落的丰富度指数对增雨50%处理及减雨25%处理较为敏感,Shannon及Simpson多样性指数则与之相反。Lefse分析表明,不同降水梯度处理后,产生了16个差异菌群,以减雨50%处理下差异菌群最多,纲水平到属水平共有9个差异菌群。总之,降水变化显著影响对高寒湿地产甲烷菌的群落结构以及群落多样性。

关键词: 高寒湿地, 降水变化, 产甲烷菌, 群落结构, 气候变化

Abstract:

Soil microorganism in alpine wetland is very sensitive to climate change. In order to study the response of soil methanogens community to precipitation changes in alpine wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,5 precipitation gradients were set up,including natural rainfall,25% and 50% decrease of natural rainfall,and 25% and 50% increase of natural rainfall. McrA gene with high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the community structure and diversity of soil methanogens. The dominant methanogens in alpine wetlands were Methanomicrobiales,Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales. The relative abundance and diversity index of methanogens significantly decreased under rainfall increasing treatment,and the relative abundance and diversity index of methanogens significantly increased under rainfall decreasing treatment. The response of methanogen community composition to 50% increase or decrease of rainfall was more significant,only Methanothrix was more sensitive to 25% rainfall increase and Methanobacterium was more sensitive to 25% rainfall reduction treatment. The richness index of methanogen community was more sensitive to the 50% increase and 25% decrease of rainfall,Shannon and Simpson diversity indices showed the opposite. Lefse analysis showed that 16 different microbial communities were generated after treatment with different precipitation gradients,with the most different microbial communities under treatment with 50% decrease of rainfall,in a total of 9 different microbial communities from the class level to the genus level. In conclusion,precipitation change significantly affects the community structure and diversity of methanogens in alpine wetland.

Key words: alpine wetland, precipitation change, methanogens, community structure, climate change

章妮, 暴涵, 左弟召, 陈克龙. 降水变化驱动下的高寒湿地产甲烷菌群落特征变化[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(11): 276-284.

ZHANG Ni, BAO Han, ZUO Di-zhao, CHEN Ke-long. Community Characteristics of Methanogens in Alpine Wetland Driven by Precipitation Changes[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(11): 276-284.

图/表 8

图1 减雨装置

Fig.1 A device to reduce rainfall

表1 样品数据和OTU统计

Table 1 Sample data and OTU statistics

ID	Clean_tags	Effective_tags	Singleton	Singleton/%	Chimeras	Chimeras/%	OTUs
WJa	108 821	99 419	8 559	7.87	843	0.78	868
WJb	100 981	91 721	8 425	8.29	835	0.81	859
WZa	107 493	103 220	4 212	3.91	61	0.06	663
WZb	99 147	94 911	4 180	4.22	57	0.06	615
Wck	111 505	104 924	6 159	5.49	422	0.37	763

图2 物种累积曲线图

Fig.2 Species accumulation graph

图3 不同处理的土壤样品韦恩图

Fig.3 Venn diagram of soil samples under different treatments

图4 土壤产甲烷菌属水平群落柱状图

Fig.4 Column diagram of soil Methanogenium community

图5 高寒湿地产甲烷菌群落α多样性指数

Fig.5 α diversity index of methanogen community in alpine wetland

图6 高寒湿地不同分组土壤样品PCoA分析图（Weight_UniFrac）

Fig.6 PCoA analysis of soil samples in different groups of alpine wetland（Weight_UniFrac）

图7 高寒湿地土壤产甲烷菌Lefse分析

Fig.7 Lefse analysis of methanogenic bacteria in alpine wetland soil

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