植物花瓣呈色机理及花色分子育种

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1229

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物花瓣呈色的主要化学物质包括类黄酮/花青素苷、类胡萝卜素和甜菜色素。其中类黄酮/花青素苷是分布最广泛的色素，决定大多数植物花瓣的呈色；类胡萝卜素在一些植物黄色至橙红色花瓣中起着作用；而甜菜色素主要存在于石竹目植物，包含甜菜红素和甜菜黄素。目前，关于色素生物合成的分子网络已被解析，主要由一系列结构基因控制；一些与色素合成相关的调控因子在很多植物中被鉴定发现。另外，基于外源基因表达或内源基因编辑的分子育种在一些观赏植物的花色改良中被成功应用。本文系统性总结了植物中3种类型色素合成的分子基础、调控机制及分子育种应用等方面的研究进展；将有助于提高我们对植物色素合成分子调控网络的认识，并以期为今后开展花色分子设计育种提供理论支持。

关键词: 花色, 类黄酮, 类胡萝卜素, 甜菜色素, 分子机制

Abstract:

Flavonoids/anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains are the main chemical substances for the coloration of flower petals. Among them, flavonoids/anthocyanins are the most widespread pigments determining the coloration of flower petals in most plants; whereas carotenoids play an important role in the color rendering of yellow to orange red petals in some specific plants. Betalains specially exists in some Caryophyllaceaes, including betaxanthins and betacyanins. At present, the molecular networks of their biosynthesis have been elucidated, and mainly controlled by a series of structural genes. Some regulators related to the pigment synthesis have been also identified in many plants. Moreover, the molecular breeding based on exogenous gene expression or endogenous gene editing have been successfully applied in the coloration improvements of some ornamental plants. In this review, the molecular basis, regulatory mechanism and molecular breeding application for the synthesis of three types of pigments in plants are systematically summarized. It is conducive for us to improve our understanding of the pigments synthesis-related regulatory network in plants, and expected to provide an theoretical support for future molecular breeding of flower colorations in ornamental plants.

Key words: flower coloration, flavonoids, carotenoids, betalains, molecular mechanism

张和臣, 袁欣, 高杰, 王校晨, 王慧娟, 李艳敏, 王利民, 符真珠, 李保印. 植物花瓣呈色机理及花色分子育种[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(5): 23-31.

ZHANG He-chen, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Xiao-chen, WANG Hui-juan, LI Yan-min, WANG Li-min, FU Zhen-zhu, LI Bao-yin. Mechanism of Flower Petal Coloration and Molecular Breeding[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(5): 23-31.

图/表 1

图1 植物不同类型色素化学结构、生物合成途径及代表花卉种类 A-C：分别为花青素苷、甜菜色素及类胡萝卜素化学结构；D：花青素苷生物合成途径；E-H：分别为月季、蝴蝶兰、康乃馨及菊花；I：类胡萝卜素生物合成途径；J-M：分别为金花茶、水仙、桂花及亚洲百合；N：甜菜色素生物合成途径；O-P：分别为紫茉莉及石竹

Fig. 1 Types of plant pigments, biosynthetic pathways and representative flower species A-C: Chemical structure of anthocyanins, beet pigments and carotenoids, respectively. D: Anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway. E-H: The flower petals of Rosa, Phalaenopsis, Dianthus and Chrysanthemum morifolium, respectively. I: Carotenoids biosynthesis pathway. J-M: The flower petals of Camellia aureus, Narcissus, Osmanthus and Lilium asiatica. N: Betalains biosynthesis pathway. O-P: The flower petals of Mirabilis jalapa and Dianthus chinensis, respectively

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