KASP标记技术在主要农作物中的应用及展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1378

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着基因测序技术的发展,植物基因组数据越来越丰富,其中的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）数据由于具有高密度、高通量和易于自动化分析等特点而被广泛用于分子标记的开发和应用。竞争性等位基因特异性PCR（kompetitive allele-specific PCR,KASP）技术是近些年来发展起来的一种主要基于SNP的高通量基因分型技术。该技术由于其高通量、低成本和可操作性强等优点而在农作物性状改良等领域具有很大的应用潜力。本文介绍了KASP技术的发展、原理和方法步骤,综述了该技术在主要农作物的种质资源鉴定、分子标记辅助育种、基因定位和种子纯度鉴定等遗传育种中的应用,并讨论了该技术的优缺点,以期为今后农作物育种研究提供参考依据。

关键词: KASP, 高通量基因分型, 遗传鉴定, 分子育种, 农艺性状改良

Abstract:

With the development of gene sequencing technology,plant genome data are becoming more and more abundant. Single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）data are widely used in the development and application of molecular markers because of their high density,high throughput and easy automated analysis. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR（KASP）is a high-throughput genotyping technology mainly based on SNP. Because of its high flux,low cost and strong operability,this technology has great application potential in the field of crop character improvement. This paper introduces the development,principle and method steps of KASP technology,summarizes the application of KASP technology in genetic breeding such as germplasm resource identification,molecular marker assisted breeding,gene mapping and seed purity identification of main crops,and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of KASP technology in order to provide reference basis for crop breeding research in the future.

Key words: KASP, high-throughput genotyping, genetic identification, molecular breeding, improvement of agronomic characters

杨青青, 唐家琪, 张昌泉, 高继平, 刘巧泉. KASP标记技术在主要农作物中的应用及展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(4): 58-71.

YANG Qing-qing, TANG Jia-qi, ZHANG Chang-quan, GAO Ji-ping, LIU Qiao-quan. Application and Prospect of KASP Marker Technology in Main Crops[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(4): 58-71.

图/表 2

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作物Crops	应用Application	参考文献 Reference
水稻 Oryza sativa	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[18-20]
	分子标记辅助育种	[33-41]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[67-68,70-71]
小麦 Triticum aestivum	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[21-23]
	分子标记辅助育种	[42-49]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[72-76]
玉米 Zea mays	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[24]
	分子标记辅助育种	[50,53]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[77,79-80]
	种子纯度鉴定	[91-93]
大白菜 Brassica rapa	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[25]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[85]
西兰花 Brassica oleracea	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[26]
葡萄 Vitis vinifera	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[27]
小扁豆 Lens culinaris	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[28]
咖啡 Coffea arabica	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[29]
花生 Arachis hypogaea	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[30]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[86]
豇豆 Vigna unguiculata	分子标记辅助育种	[54]
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	分子标记辅助育种	[55]
西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	分子标记辅助育种	[56]
高粱 Sorghum bicolor	分子标记辅助育种	[58]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[81]
桃 Amygdalus persica	分子标记辅助育种	[59]
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	分子标记辅助育种	[60]
苹果 Malus pumila	分子标记辅助育种	[61]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[83]
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	分子标记辅助育种	[62]
向日葵 Helianthus annuus	分子标记辅助育种	[63]
大豆 Glycine max	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[82]
洋葱 Allium cepa	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[84]
瓠瓜 Lagenaria siceraria	种子纯度鉴定	[94]
棉花 Gossypium hirsutum	种子纯度鉴定	[95]
大麦 Hordeum vulgare	种子纯度鉴定	[96]
萝卜 Raphanus sativus	种子纯度鉴定	[97]

作物Crops	应用Application	参考文献 Reference
水稻 Oryza sativa	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[18-20]
	分子标记辅助育种	[33-41]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[67-68,70-71]
小麦 Triticum aestivum	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[21-23]
	分子标记辅助育种	[42-49]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[72-76]
玉米 Zea mays	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[24]
	分子标记辅助育种	[50,53]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[77,79-80]
	种子纯度鉴定	[91-93]
大白菜 Brassica rapa	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[25]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[85]
西兰花 Brassica oleracea	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[26]
葡萄 Vitis vinifera	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[27]
小扁豆 Lens culinaris	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[28]
咖啡 Coffea arabica	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[29]
花生 Arachis hypogaea	种质资源鉴定与亲缘关系研究	[30]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[86]
豇豆 Vigna unguiculata	分子标记辅助育种	[54]
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	分子标记辅助育种	[55]
西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	分子标记辅助育种	[56]
高粱 Sorghum bicolor	分子标记辅助育种	[58]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[81]
桃 Amygdalus persica	分子标记辅助育种	[59]
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	分子标记辅助育种	[60]
苹果 Malus pumila	分子标记辅助育种	[61]
	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[83]
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	分子标记辅助育种	[62]
向日葵 Helianthus annuus	分子标记辅助育种	[63]
大豆 Glycine max	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[82]
洋葱 Allium cepa	遗传图谱构建与基因定位	[84]
瓠瓜 Lagenaria siceraria	种子纯度鉴定	[94]
棉花 Gossypium hirsutum	种子纯度鉴定	[95]
大麦 Hordeum vulgare	种子纯度鉴定	[96]
萝卜 Raphanus sativus	种子纯度鉴定	[97]