嗜酸硫杆菌在工农业中的应用

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0139

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

嗜酸硫杆菌（属）（Acidithiobacillus spp.）能够氧化亚铁、硫或还原性无机硫化合物（reduced inorganic sulfur compounds,RISCs）获得能量,固定二氧化碳,是一类典型的嗜酸性化能自养微生物。嗜酸硫杆菌广泛分布于酸性矿水、热泉等酸性环境中,是地球生态系统硫和铁元素循环的主要推动者。嗜酸硫杆菌独特的生理代谢特征和极端环境适应性,使其广泛应用于生物浸出领域。本文综述了嗜酸硫杆菌的生理代谢特征和极端环境下的适应机制,阐述了嗜酸硫杆菌在工农业中的应用,讨论了面向国家重大需求,嗜酸硫杆菌在今后的主要研究方向和需要解决的关键科学问题,为嗜酸硫杆菌在生理代谢、环境适应和工农业应用的研究提供重要的线索和启示。

关键词: 嗜酸硫杆菌, 极端环境, 硫代谢, 亚铁代谢, 生物浸出

Abstract:

Acidithiobacillus spp. are acidophilic chemolithotrophic gram-negative bacteria and capable of oxidizing ferrous iron,sulfur or reduced inorganic sulfur compounds（RISCs）to obtain energy and fix carbon dioxide. Acidithiobacillus spp. are widely distributed in acidic mineral water,hot spring and other acidic environments,and are the main promoter of sulfur and iron cycling in the Earth’s ecosystems. Members of this genus are widely used in the field of bioleaching for the unique metabolic characteristics and extreme environmental adaptability. In this paper,the physiological and metabolic characteristics of Acidithiobacillus spp.and the adaptation mechanism in extreme environments are reviewed,and the application of Acidithiobacillus spp. in industry and agriculture is expounded. The main research directions and key scientific issues to be solved in the future for major national needs are discussed,which provided important clues and enlightenment for the research of Acidithiobacillus spp. in physiological metabolism,environmental adaptation and industrial and agricultural applications.

Key words: Acidithiobacillus, extreme environment, sulfur metabolism, iron metabolism, bioleaching

高雪彦, 陈林旭, 陈显轲, 庞昕, 潘登, 林建群. 嗜酸硫杆菌在工农业中的应用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(5): 36-46.

GAO Xue-yan, CHEN Lin-xu, CHEN Xian-ke, PANG Xin, PAN Deng, LIN Jian-qun. Application of Acidithiobacillus spp. in Industry and Agriculture[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(5): 36-46.

图/表 3

参考文献 67

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菌种 Species	生长pH值 Growth pH	硫代谢能力 Sulfur metab- olism ability	铁代谢能力 Iron metabo- lism ability	氢代谢能力 Hydrogen met- abolism ability
A. ferrooxidans^[4]	1.3-4.5	+	+	+
A. ferrivorans^{[6⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓,14]}	1.9-3.4	+	+	（+）
A. ferriphilus^[8]	1.5-	+	+	-
A. ferridurans^[7]	1.4-3.0	+	+	+
A. ferrianus^[9]	1.3-3.7	+	+	+
A. thiooxidans^[4]	0.5-5.5	+	-	-
A. caldus^[4]	1.0-3.5	+	-	+
A. albertensis^{[4⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓,12]}	0.5-6.0	+	-	NR
A. sulfuriphilus^[13]	1.8-7.0	+	-	-

菌种 Species	生长pH值 Growth pH	硫代谢能力 Sulfur metab- olism ability	铁代谢能力 Iron metabo- lism ability	氢代谢能力 Hydrogen met- abolism ability
A. ferrooxidans^[4]	1.3-4.5	+	+	+
A. ferrivorans^{[6⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓,14]}	1.9-3.4	+	+	（+）
A. ferriphilus^[8]	1.5-	+	+	-
A. ferridurans^[7]	1.4-3.0	+	+	+
A. ferrianus^[9]	1.3-3.7	+	+	+
A. thiooxidans^[4]	0.5-5.5	+	-	-
A. caldus^[4]	1.0-3.5	+	-	+
A. albertensis^{[4⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓,12]}	0.5-6.0	+	-	NR
A. sulfuriphilus^[13]	1.8-7.0	+	-	-