杂交小麦制种研究现状及展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用杂种优势对提高小麦单产具有重要作用，杂交小麦制种是小麦种业未来发展的重要方向之一。目前，小麦在强优势杂交组合选配方面取得较大进步。由于缺乏优异高异交结实率的制种亲本资源和高产高效杂交制种体系，导致大面积制种效率低。因此，探究杂交制种技术体系进展、亲本种质资源改良和生产流程标准化等方面的研究现状，将有利于对杂交制种发展瓶颈和未来发展方向等问题的整体把握。综述杂交小麦制种技术的影响因素，并通过商业化大田杂交作物与新型杂交小麦比较，对杂交小麦快速商业化等方面提出建议，对其发展趋势进行展望。

关键词: 杂交小麦, 杂交制种, 杂种优势, 精量穴播, 商业化育种

Abstract:

The utilization of heterosis plays an important role in improving wheat yield. Hybrid breeding in wheat is an important development direction for seed production. At present, great progress has been achieved in the strong heterosis combination of hybrid wheat. There are issues such as lack of excellent parents for hybrid combination and hybrid seed production system for high yield and high efficiency wheat, which leads to low seed production efficiency in large area. Therefore, to explore the development of hybrid seed production technology system, germplasm improvement of parental resources and seed production process standards will be conducive to summarizing the overall trend of the development bottleneck and future development direction of hybrid seed production. In this paper, the influencing factors of hybrid breeding in wheat are reviewed. Through the comparison between commercial hybrid crops and superior seed from novel hybrid wheat, some effective suggestions for rapid commercialization of hybrid wheat are put forward, and its future development trend is forecasted.

Key words: hybrid wheat, hybrid seed production, heterosis, precision hill-hole seeding, commercial breeding

孔德真, 聂迎彬, 崔凤娟, 桑伟, 徐红军, 田笑明. 杂交小麦制种研究现状及展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(1): 95-103.

KONG De-zhen, NIE Ying-bin, CUI Feng-juan, SANG Wei, XU Hong-jun, TIAN Xiao-ming. Research Status and Prospect of Hybrid Wheat Seed Production[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(1): 95-103.

图/表 1

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