生物技术通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 23-28.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0683

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对小麦生态型间杂种优势的影响

孔德真, 聂迎彬, 徐红军, 穆培源, 崔凤娟, 田笑明, 桑伟   

  1. 新疆农垦科学院作物研究所 谷物品质与遗传改良兵团重点实验室,石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-28 出版日期:2019-02-26 发布日期:2019-03-07
  • 作者简介:孔德真,男,硕士,研究方向:小麦杂种优势利用,E-mail:kongdezhen1746@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31460346),北部麦区强优势小麦杂交种创制(2016YFD1011600),小麦新品种选育与种质资源创新(2016AC027)

Effect of Sowing Date on Heterosis of Wheat Ecotypes Hybridization

KONG De-zhen, NIE Ying-bin, XU Hong-jun, MU Pei-yuan, CUI Feng-juan, TIAN Xiao-ming, SANG Wei   

  1. Institute of Crop Research,Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement,Shihezi 832000
  • Received:2018-07-28 Published:2019-02-26 Online:2019-03-07

摘要: 为了明确不同生态型杂交种的最佳播种时期,以6个冬、春小麦亲本材料和8个杂交组合为研究对象,设置3个播期(2014年10月2日、2014年11月3日和2015年3月21日),采用两因素裂区设计,筛选强优势杂交组合进行农艺性状及其产量的杂种优势变化研究。结果表明,不同生态型杂交组合及其亲本均能正常越冬,冬性亲本春播均不能抽穗。不同播期下的产量及农艺性状差异均达到显著水平。随着播期的推迟,杂交种和亲本产量均显著降低,杂交种产量下降幅度大于亲本,春性亲本较冬性亲本产量下降幅度小,冬、春正反交组合间产量差异不显著。小麦生态型间杂交种在正常秋播时才能发挥其高产潜力。筛选出4个强杂种优势组合:新春38号×新冬41号、新冬41号×新春38号、巴春02-509×新冬33号和新冬33号×巴春02-509。相关分析揭示了强优势组合小区产量表现为T1>T2>T3。冬、春小麦生态型间强优势组合的筛选,可通过调节播期来解决冬春性的适应性问题。

关键词: 小麦, 生态型间杂交, 杂种优势, 播期

Abstract: In order to clarify the optimal sowing dates of different ecotype hybrids,3 sowing dates(October 2,2014,November 3,2014 and March 21,2015)were set up with 6 winter wheat and spring wheat parent materials and 8 hybrid combinations. The two-factor split design was used to study the heterosis changes of agronomic traits and yield by using strong heterosis combination. The results showed as such:All the ecotype hybrid combinations and their parents were able to overwinter normally,and the winter parents sown in spring was not heading. The differences of yield and agronomic traits under different sowing dates all reached the significant level. With the delay of sowing date,the yields of both hybrids and parents decreased significantly,the yields of hybrids decreased more than that of parents,the yield of spring parents decreased less than that of winter parents,and the yields of reciprocal combinations between winter and spring ones were not significant. Wheat ecotypes hybrids may demonstrate their high-yield potential during normal autumn sowing seasons. Four strong heterosis combinations were selected:Xinchun38×Xindong41,Xindong41×Xinchun38,Bachun 02-509×Xindong33,and Xindong33×Bachun02-509. Correlation analysis revealed the yield of strong heterosis combination community was in T1>T2>T3. Screening strong heterosis combination between winter wheat and spring wheat ecotypes can be conducted by adjusting the sowing dates to solve the problem of adaptability in winter and spring.

Key words: wheat, ecotype interbreeding, heterosis, sowing date