生物技术通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 1-15.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0667

• 转基因作物专题 •    下一篇

中国转基因大豆的产业化策略

于惠林(), 吴孔明()   

  1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-30 出版日期:2023-01-26 发布日期:2023-02-02
  • 作者简介:于惠林,女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:转基因作物环境安全评价;E-mail: hlyu@ippcaas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家转基因重大专项(2019ZX08012004)

Commercialization Strategy of Transgenic Soybean in China

YU Hui-lin(), WU Kong-ming()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193
  • Received:2022-05-30 Published:2023-01-26 Online:2023-02-02

摘要:

大豆是事关人民生活和经济社会发展的重要农产品之一,提高大豆生产水平和增加自给能力,是中国农业生产必须解决的重大问题。由于中国耕地资源不足的限制,科技创新是提升大豆生产能力的唯一出路。转基因育种是推动大豆生产发展的颠覆性技术,对美国、巴西和阿根廷等世界主产国大豆产业的发展发挥了重要作用。经过20多年的科技创新,中国转基因耐除草剂和抗虫育种技术已经成熟,这些产品的产业化种植可显著降低大豆生产成本和提升单产水平。基于中国转基因大豆技术发展进度和大豆生产的国情特点,我们提出了采用如下策略科学有序推进产业化工作。一是,在产品应用时间上,按照单一耐草甘膦除草剂、多个基因耐草甘膦和草铵膦等多种除草剂,以及耐除草剂与抗虫等复合性状等产品,依次推进相关种子的产业化;二是,在产品区域布局上,按照靶标杂草和害虫的地理分布特点顶层设计各种耐除草剂和抗虫大豆产品的种植区域;三是,在生物安全管理上,研发应用抗性杂草和害虫种群监测与治理技术,延长转基因产品的使用寿命。同时,还要加强野生大豆资源的保护工作,降低转基因大豆基因漂移对野生大豆生物多样性的影响。

关键词: 转基因大豆, 耐除草剂, 抗虫性, 产业化, 生物安全

Abstract:

Soybean is one of the most important agricultural products that are closely related to people's life and economic and social development. At present, the improvement of soybean production level and increasing soybean self-sufficiency rate are major problems that must be solved in China's agricultural development. Due to the shortage of cultivated land resources in China, scientific and technological innovation is the only way to improve soybean production capacity. Transgenic breeding is a key technology to promote the development of soybean production, and it has played an important role in the development of soybean industry in the world's major producers such as the United States, Brazil and Argentina. In last 20 years, the breeding techniques of herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant soybean have obtained a great progress and some products can be used for commercialization in China. And the commercial planting of transgenic soybeans can significantly reduce productive cost and raise soybean yield. Based on the developmental progress of transgenic soybean techniques and the characteristics of soybean production in China, the following strategy is suggested to boost the commercialization scientifically and orderly. Firstly, in terms of product application, based on the single trait product for glyphosate tolerance, and the products with multiple genes for two or more herbicide tolerant traits such as glyphosate and glufosinate tolerance, as well as for stacking of herbicide tolerance and insect resistance traits, the commercialization of the above seeds should be conducted in order. Secondly, in terms of product regional layout, based on occurrence and regional distribution characteristics of target weeds and pests, top-level design of growing zones to herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant soybean products should be performed. Thirdly, in terms of biosafety management, population monitoring and management techniques for resistant weeds and pests should be developed to extend service period of genetically modified products. In the meantime, the conservation of wild soybean germplasm resources should be strengthened to reduce the negative impact on biodiversity of wild soybean caused by gene flow from transgenic soybean in natural eco-system.

Key words: transgenic soybean, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, commercialization, biosafety