RNAi技术在马铃薯害虫防控中的应用和风险

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0472

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

害虫对农作物的危害严重威胁全球粮食安全，为满足日益增长的全球粮食需求，迫切需要安全有效的害虫绿色防控技术。RNAi技术（RNA interference）又叫RNA干扰技术，是一种转录后调控基因沉默的分子生物学技术，其原理是基于由19-25对核苷酸组成的小分子双链RNA与目标靶基因mRNA结合并引发mRNA降解，从而导致靶基因沉默。目前RNAi技术已被广泛应用于农作物害虫治理，在针对马铃薯靶标害虫方面，主要研究集中在防控鞘翅目、半翅目、鳞翅目害虫。2023年12月22 日，世界上首款RNAi生物农药正式批准商业化，用于防控抗药性日益严重、国际公认的马铃薯重要毁灭性检疫害虫马铃薯甲虫，是世界上首款被允许在农作物上商业使用的可喷洒RNA生物农药，对马铃薯害虫的绿色防控具有划时代的里程碑意义。基于RNAi技术的产品被用于农业害虫防控的同时，仍需考虑其抗药性、脱靶效应和对环境安全的潜在风险。本文以RNAi技术在马铃薯害虫防控应用的可行性、RNAi技术在马铃薯害虫防控中的应用以及潜在的风险等方面进行了综述，以期阐述RNAi技术在马铃薯害虫防控中的应用现状与前景，为RNAi技术纳入防控马铃薯害虫综合治理体系提供理论参考。

关键词: RNA干扰, 马铃薯害虫, 害虫综合治理, 害虫抗药性治理, 安全评估

Abstract:

Insect pest damages to crops is a threat to global food security, farmers urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably have yields that meet ever-increasing global demand. RNAi（RNA interference）technology is a molecular biology technique for post-transcriptional regulation of gene silencing. Its principle is based on the binding of small double-stranded RNA molecules composed of 19-25 nucleotide pairs to the target mRNA, which triggers the degradation of the mRNA and thus leads to the silencing of the target gene. RNAi technology has been widely applied in crop pest management, focusing mainly on the prevention and control of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera pests targeting potatoes. On December 22, 2023, the world's first RNAi biopesticide was officially approved for commercialization. It is used to control the potato beetle, an internationally recognized important and devastating quarantine pest of potatoes, which is becoming increasingly resistant to pesticides. It is the world's first sprayable RNA biopesticide allowed for commercial use on crops, and it is a landmark green control of potato pests. While products based on RNAi technology are used for agricultural pest control, their resistance, off-target effects and potential risks to environmental safety still need to be considered. This article provides a comprehensive review on the feasibility of applying RNAi technology in potato insect pest management, its applications, and potential risks, aiming to elaborate on the status and prospects of RNAi technology in potato pest management, and provide theoretical references for integrating RNAi technology into the comprehensive management for potato pest management.

Key words: RNA interference, potato insect pest, integrated pest managemant（IPM）, insect resistance management（IRM）, risk assessment

王柯然, 闫俊杰, 刘建凤, 高玉林. RNAi技术在马铃薯害虫防控中的应用和风险[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(9): 4-10.

WANG Ke-ran, YAN Jun-jie, LIU Jian-feng, GAO Yu-lin. Application and Risk of RNAi Technology in Potato Insect Pest Management[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(9): 4-10.

图/表 1

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