RNAi技术在寄生蜂中的应用研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0580

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

RNA干扰技术问世至今20余年，已被广泛用于基因功能研究。膜翅目寄生蜂是农林害虫防治领域重要的天敌昆虫资源。RNAi技术对靶基因的昆虫沉默效果依赖于dsRNA的递送效率。寄生蜂幼期通过摄取寄主昆虫营养完成其生长发育，并与寄主昆虫发生相互作用，给RNAi技术的实施带来挑战。目前，RNAi技术已在丽蝇蛹集金小蜂（Nasonia vitripennis）、中红侧沟茧蜂（Microplitis mediator）、菜蛾盘绒茧蜂（Cotesia vestalis）、蝶蛹金小蜂（Pteromalus puparum）、斑痣悬茧蜂（Meteorus pulchricornis）等至少13种寄生蜂中开展。本文归纳了RNAi技术在寄生蜂基因调控方面的研究进展，并总结了在寄生蜂类群中影响RNAi效率的因素，以期为RNAi技术在寄生蜂类群中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 寄生蜂, RNA干扰, 分子机制, RNAi效率

Abstract:

RNA interference technology has been widely used for investigating functions of genes for more than 20 years since its inception. In Hymenoptera, parasitoid wasps are a group of important natural enemy against pests in agriculture and forestry. The inhibition of target gene expression relies on the delivery of dsRNA. However, the parasitoids develop on host insects, and interact with their hosts. This biological characteristic makes it challenging to conduct RNAi technology. The RNAi technology has already been conducted in the studies involved the molecular mechanisms of at least 13 species of parasitoid wasps, e.g. Nasonia vitripennis, Microplitis mediator, Cotesia vestalis, Pteromalus puparum, and Meteorus pulchbernis. This study reviewed the studies of the molecular mechanisms by using RNAi method, and summarized the factors influencing RNAi efficiency in parasitoid wasps, aiming to provide the reference for application of RNAi technology in parasitoid wasps.

Key words: parasitoid wasps, RNA interference, molecular mechanism, RNAi efficiency

张龙喜, 吕琳, 张欢欢, 周金成, 车午男, 董辉. RNAi技术在寄生蜂中的应用研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(12): 99-108.

ZHANG Long-xi, LYU Lin, ZHANG Huan-huan, ZHOU Jin-cheng, CHE Wu-nan, DONG Hui. Research Progress in the Application of RNAi Technology in Parasitoid Wasps[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(12): 99-108.

图/表 2

参考文献 69

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昆虫种类 Insect species	靶标基因 Target gene	导入方法 Import method	虫态 Stage	RNAi表型 Phenotype by RNAi	参考文献 Reference
丽蝇蛹集金小蜂 Nasonia vitripennis	doublesex	注射	幼虫和蛹	雄性到雌性的性别逆转	[19]
	doublesex	注射	蛹	1.被干扰的雄性不再能够从远处吸引雌性。2.雄性受到野生型雄性的求爱。3.雄性在激发雌性接受能力方面受到阻碍，交配成功率严重降低	[20]
	cinnabar	注射	幼虫	产生红眼表型	[21]
	venom calreticulin component	注射	幼虫和蛹	抑制对毒液的黑化反应	[22]
	transformer-2	注射	蛹	雌性到雄性性别的逆转，以及致死	[4]
	period	注射	蛹	雌蜂无法短时间产生滞育卵	[23]
	DNA methyltransferases	注射	蛹	雌性后代全部死亡，胚胎发育停滞和致死	[24]
	Nasonia caudal	注射	蛹	高浓度时，胚胎停止发育；低浓度时，出现钙表型	[25]
	period	注射	蛹	昼夜钟加快，改变了其他生物钟基因的表达，并推迟了滞育	[26]
	Wolbachia density suppressor	注射	蛹	导致后代胚胎wVitA水平增加	[27]
	tudor	注射	蛹	导致具有异常看护细胞数的双头卵泡，突变卵泡通常显示出哺乳细胞核向卵母细胞的迁移	[28] [28]
	Bicaudal-D	注射	蛹	看护细胞数异常，出现极性缺陷，导致融合卵室以对称的方式排列	[28] [28]
	odd-paired	注射	胚胎	导致胚胎内完全缺乏节段和头部形成的明显缺陷	[29]
菜蛾盘绒茧蜂 Cotesia vestalis	Polydnavirus	注射	蛹	破坏了核衣壳形成，核衣壳不完整	[30]
菜蛾盘绒茧蜂 Cotesia vestalis	Odorant-Binding Proteins	注射	蛹	导致OBPs转录水平的降低并延长宿主搜索时间	[31]
中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator	Polydnavirus	转染法	细胞	抑制glc1.8的表达，并挽救细胞黏附	[32]
	MmRho1	注射	成虫	导致雌蜂卵黄素和保幼激素的下调、产卵减少和茧受损、卵和蛹生长发育受阻	[33]
	MmedOcro	注射	成虫	对壬醛和法尼烯的反应速度降低	[34]
二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis	Cchsp70-4	注射和纳米材料浸泡	成虫	死亡率增加	[35]
	Cccaspase-1	注射	蛹	1-5 d蛹的后代总数、1-4 d蛹的羽化率和出茧数显著降低	[36]
	Cccaspase-1	纳米材料浸泡	二化螟3龄幼虫	1-5 d蛹的后代总数、1-4 d蛹的羽化率和出茧数显著降低	[36]
甲腹茧蜂 Chelonus inanitus	Polydnavirus	注射	寄主卵	降低寄生蜂生存率，挽救了末龄幼虫的发育停滞	[37]
斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis	Fatty Acid Synthases	注射	成虫	导致成虫阶段的脂质含量显著下降	[38]
	CYP369B3	注射	成虫	暴露于辛硫磷、氯氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯时，显著增加了成年黄蜂的死亡率	[39]
	Virus-Like Particles or MpVLPs	注射	蛹	宿主幼虫颗粒细胞和浆血细胞扩散受损	[40]
	UDP-glycosyltransferases	注射		导致UGT表达下降，并显著增加了亚致死剂量杀虫剂暴露下寄生蜂的死亡率	[41]
蝶蛹金小蜂Pteromalus puparum	Pp16911	注射	寄主蛹	成功抑制Pp16911基因表达	[42]
蝶蛹金小蜂Pteromalus puparum	PpAmy1、PpAmy2、PpAmy3	注射	蛹	干扰PpAmy1缩短成虫寿命	[43]
布拉迪小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina boulardi	odorant receptor co-receptors	注射	幼虫	导致对寄主的搜索能力降低，从而降低产卵率	[44]
异腹小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina heterotoma
长柄匙胸瘿蜂Leptopilina syphax
布拉迪小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina boulardi	cinnabar	注射注射	幼虫	棕色眼转变为红眼	[45]
布拉迪小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina boulardi	LbGAP	注射注射	蛹	持续抑制LbGAP基因表达	[45]
日本开臂反颚茧蜂Asobara japonica	gene2362、gene3430	注射	蛹	黑化率、寄生率与出蜂率与对照组无显著差异	[46]
	ebony	注射	幼虫	体色变暗	[47] [47]
	gene003054	注射	幼虫	成功抑制基因表达	[47] [47]
松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi	Vitellogenin receptor	浸泡	蛹	卵巢结构松散，卵子减少并产生少量畸形卵子，单蜂怀卵量及产卵量也显著降低	[48]

昆虫种类 Insect species	靶标基因 Target gene	导入方法 Import method	虫态 Stage	RNAi表型 Phenotype by RNAi	参考文献 Reference
丽蝇蛹集金小蜂 Nasonia vitripennis	doublesex	注射	幼虫和蛹	雄性到雌性的性别逆转	[19]
	doublesex	注射	蛹	1.被干扰的雄性不再能够从远处吸引雌性。2.雄性受到野生型雄性的求爱。3.雄性在激发雌性接受能力方面受到阻碍，交配成功率严重降低	[20]
	cinnabar	注射	幼虫	产生红眼表型	[21]
	venom calreticulin component	注射	幼虫和蛹	抑制对毒液的黑化反应	[22]
	transformer-2	注射	蛹	雌性到雄性性别的逆转，以及致死	[4]
	period	注射	蛹	雌蜂无法短时间产生滞育卵	[23]
	DNA methyltransferases	注射	蛹	雌性后代全部死亡，胚胎发育停滞和致死	[24]
	Nasonia caudal	注射	蛹	高浓度时，胚胎停止发育；低浓度时，出现钙表型	[25]
	period	注射	蛹	昼夜钟加快，改变了其他生物钟基因的表达，并推迟了滞育	[26]
	Wolbachia density suppressor	注射	蛹	导致后代胚胎wVitA水平增加	[27]
	tudor	注射	蛹	导致具有异常看护细胞数的双头卵泡，突变卵泡通常显示出哺乳细胞核向卵母细胞的迁移	[28] [28]
	Bicaudal-D	注射	蛹	看护细胞数异常，出现极性缺陷，导致融合卵室以对称的方式排列	[28] [28]
	odd-paired	注射	胚胎	导致胚胎内完全缺乏节段和头部形成的明显缺陷	[29]
菜蛾盘绒茧蜂 Cotesia vestalis	Polydnavirus	注射	蛹	破坏了核衣壳形成，核衣壳不完整	[30]
菜蛾盘绒茧蜂 Cotesia vestalis	Odorant-Binding Proteins	注射	蛹	导致OBPs转录水平的降低并延长宿主搜索时间	[31]
中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator	Polydnavirus	转染法	细胞	抑制glc1.8的表达，并挽救细胞黏附	[32]
	MmRho1	注射	成虫	导致雌蜂卵黄素和保幼激素的下调、产卵减少和茧受损、卵和蛹生长发育受阻	[33]
	MmedOcro	注射	成虫	对壬醛和法尼烯的反应速度降低	[34]
二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis	Cchsp70-4	注射和纳米材料浸泡	成虫	死亡率增加	[35]
	Cccaspase-1	注射	蛹	1-5 d蛹的后代总数、1-4 d蛹的羽化率和出茧数显著降低	[36]
	Cccaspase-1	纳米材料浸泡	二化螟3龄幼虫	1-5 d蛹的后代总数、1-4 d蛹的羽化率和出茧数显著降低	[36]
甲腹茧蜂 Chelonus inanitus	Polydnavirus	注射	寄主卵	降低寄生蜂生存率，挽救了末龄幼虫的发育停滞	[37]
斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis	Fatty Acid Synthases	注射	成虫	导致成虫阶段的脂质含量显著下降	[38]
	CYP369B3	注射	成虫	暴露于辛硫磷、氯氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯时，显著增加了成年黄蜂的死亡率	[39]
	Virus-Like Particles or MpVLPs	注射	蛹	宿主幼虫颗粒细胞和浆血细胞扩散受损	[40]
	UDP-glycosyltransferases	注射		导致UGT表达下降，并显著增加了亚致死剂量杀虫剂暴露下寄生蜂的死亡率	[41]
蝶蛹金小蜂Pteromalus puparum	Pp16911	注射	寄主蛹	成功抑制Pp16911基因表达	[42]
蝶蛹金小蜂Pteromalus puparum	PpAmy1、PpAmy2、PpAmy3	注射	蛹	干扰PpAmy1缩短成虫寿命	[43]
布拉迪小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina boulardi	odorant receptor co-receptors	注射	幼虫	导致对寄主的搜索能力降低，从而降低产卵率	[44]
异腹小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina heterotoma
长柄匙胸瘿蜂Leptopilina syphax
布拉迪小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina boulardi	cinnabar	注射注射	幼虫	棕色眼转变为红眼	[45]
布拉迪小环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina boulardi	LbGAP	注射注射	蛹	持续抑制LbGAP基因表达	[45]
日本开臂反颚茧蜂Asobara japonica	gene2362、gene3430	注射	蛹	黑化率、寄生率与出蜂率与对照组无显著差异	[46]
	ebony	注射	幼虫	体色变暗	[47] [47]
	gene003054	注射	幼虫	成功抑制基因表达	[47] [47]
松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi	Vitellogenin receptor	浸泡	蛹	卵巢结构松散，卵子减少并产生少量畸形卵子，单蜂怀卵量及产卵量也显著降低	[48]