药用真菌桑黄中多酚类成分药用机理研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0668

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

桑黄为锈革孔菌科、桑黄孔菌属真菌统称，属多年生大型珍稀药用真菌，因其较强的生物活性，引起了国际上不同领域学者的广泛关注和研究。现代药理学研究发现，桑黄具有极高的药用价值，主要是其含有丰富的生物活性物质，显效成分尤其是多酚类物质是最主要的活性成分之一，赋予桑黄抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、降血糖、增强免疫力及修复损伤等多种重要的药理活性。本文梳理了桑黄种属分类发展进程并总结目前桑黄主要分布地区，整理并归纳了桑黄类真菌中分离得到的多酚类组分及其生物活性；在目前对桑黄生物活性研究的基础上，系统总结了主要多酚类组分药用功效的研究进展，并详细介绍了多酚类组分在抗氧化、抗炎症、抗肿瘤和糖尿病并发症辅助治疗等功效的潜在作用机理；进一步讨论了目前桑黄中多酚类物质研究存在的主要问题，对桑黄的发展瓶颈进行了探讨，并展望了桑黄类真菌多酚类物质的后续研究方向，为提升桑黄多酚类物质治疗效果及作为药物的合理应用奠定理论基础，为桑黄多酚类物质在药物方面的应用提供新思路。

关键词: 药用真菌桑黄, 多酚类物质, 生物活性, 药用机理

Abstract:

Sanghuang, a type of xylobasidiomycetes belonging to the Rustachromataceae family, is highly regarded as a valuable perennial medicinal fungus. Due to its strong biological activity, it has attracted extensive attention and research enthusiasm from scholars in various fields worldwide. Modern pharmacology has found that Sanghuang has extremely high medicinal value due to its rich content of biologically active substances, particularly polyphenols are one of the most important active ingredients. These polyphenols provide Sanghuang with significant pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor effects, antioxidant properties, anti-aging effects, blood sugar reduction capabilities, immune enhancement abilities and damage repair functions. In this paper, we sort the development process of Sanghuang species and briefly summarize their main distribution areas. We also compile and summarize the isolated polyphenols from Sanghuang fungi along with their biological activities. Based on current research on the biological activities of Sanghuang fungi, we systematically summarize the progress in studying the medicinal effects of major polyphenols and provide detailed insights into their potential mechanisms for antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-tumor capabilities as well as adjuvant treatment for diabetic complications. Additionally, we discuss key issues existing in polyphenol studies related to Sanghuang fungi while addressing current developmental bottlenecks faced by Sanghuang industry. Furthermore, we propose future research directions for polyphenols derived from Sanghaung fungi, which lay a theoretical foundation for improving therapeutic efficacy and rational application of these compounds as drugs. This provides new ideas for applying polyphenols in medicine.

Key words: medicinal fungus Sanghuang, polyphenols, biological activity, medicinal mechanism

赵睿萌, 王梦雨, 吕国英, 宋婷婷, 张作法. 药用真菌桑黄中多酚类成分药用机理研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(11): 3-13.

ZHAO Rui-meng, WANG Meng-yu, LYU Guo-ying, SONG Ting-ting, ZHANG Zuo-fa. Progress on the Medicinal Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Medicinal Fungus Sanghuang[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(11): 3-13.

图/表 3

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物种 Species	主要分布地区 Main distribution area
桑树桑黄S. sanghuang	吉林省，四川省，湖南省，云南省，浙江省
杨树桑黄S. vaninii	黑龙江省，辽宁省，吉林省，浙江省
暴马桑黄S. baumii	黑龙江省，辽宁省，吉林省，山东省，河北省，山西省
高山桑黄S. alpinus	西藏自治区，湖北省
锦带花桑黄S. weigelae	贵州省，江西省，湖北省
小孔忍冬桑黄S. lonicericola	陕西省，河南省

物种 Species	主要分布地区 Main distribution area
桑树桑黄S. sanghuang	吉林省，四川省，湖南省，云南省，浙江省
杨树桑黄S. vaninii	黑龙江省，辽宁省，吉林省，浙江省
暴马桑黄S. baumii	黑龙江省，辽宁省，吉林省，山东省，河北省，山西省
高山桑黄S. alpinus	西藏自治区，湖北省
锦带花桑黄S. weigelae	贵州省，江西省，湖北省
小孔忍冬桑黄S. lonicericola	陕西省，河南省