茉莉酸甲酯对薄皮甜瓜‘绿宝石’采后冷害的调控

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate, MeJA）作为一种重要的植物激素，在果实采后冷害中发挥重要的调控作用。通过比较MeJA与对照之间果实冷害指数、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物的差异，分析MeJA提高果实抗冷性的转录途径，为解析MeJA对薄皮甜瓜采后冷害的调控机制提供理论依据。方法以50 μmol/L MeJA进行熏蒸处理薄皮甜瓜‘绿宝石’果实，测定果实的冷害指数、硬度、失重率以及可溶性固形物含量，明确MeJA对果实冷害的调控作用。比较MeJA与对照果实的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（APX）活性；通过转录组测序技术，筛选与冷害相关的差异表达基因和转录因子，并通过实时荧光定量技术进行验证。结果在低温贮藏期间，MeJA显著地降低了薄皮甜瓜‘绿宝石’果实的冷害指数，延缓果实的硬度下降。MeJA提高了果实SOD、POD和CAT活性，但并未显著改变APX活性。转录组测序分析果实抗冷性相关途径表明，MeJA和对照在α-亚麻酸途径、植物激素与信号转导途径和抗氧化系统中存在差异表达基因。结论外源MeJA处理‘绿宝石’薄皮甜瓜可以有效缓解冷害，提高果实的抗氧化能力，JA信号转导途径核心转录因子CmMYC2被抑制，可能通过负调控CmPOD等下游靶基因，实现MeJA对薄皮甜瓜果实冷害的调控作用。

关键词: 薄皮甜瓜, 茉莉酸甲酯, 果实冷害, 抗氧化酶, 基因表达, 转录调控, 转录因子

Abstract:

Objective Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as an important plant hormone, plays a significant regulatory role in postharvest chilling injury of fruits. This study compared the differences in chilling injury index, weight loss rate, firmness, and soluble solids content between MeJA-treated and control fruits, analyzed the differentially expressed genes primarily affected by MeJA, and provided a theoretical basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of MeJA on postharvest chilling injury in oriental melon ‘Emerald’. Method Oriental melon ‘Emerald’ fruits were fumigated with 50 μmol/L MeJA. The chilling injury index, firmness, weight loss rate, and soluble solids content were measured to clarify the regulatory effect of MeJA on fruit chilling injury. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (APX) were compared between MeJA-treated and control fruits. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed genes and transcription factors related to chilling tolerance, and real-time quantitative PCR was performed for validation. Result During low-temperature storage, MeJA significantly reduced the chilling injury index of the oriental melon ‘Emerald’ fruits and delayed the decline in fruit firmness. MeJA treatment increased the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT enzymes but did not significantly alter APX enzyme activity. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that MeJA treatment and control fruits presented differentially expressed genes in the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and antioxidant system. Conclusion Exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment effectively alleviates chilling injury in ‘Emerald’ oriental melon fruits and enhances their antioxidant capacity. The core transcription factor CmMYC2 of methyl jasmonate is suppressed, potentially through the negative regulation of downstream genes such as CmPOD, thereby achieving the regulatory effect of methyl jasmonate on chilling injury in oriental melon fruits.

Key words: orientalmelon, MeJA, fruit chilling injury, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, transcription regulation, transcription factor

陈强, 于璎霏, 张颖, 张冲. 茉莉酸甲酯对薄皮甜瓜‘绿宝石’采后冷害的调控[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(9): 105-114.

CHEN Qiang, YU Ying-fei, ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Chong. Regulatory Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Postharvest Chilling Injury in Oriental Melon ‘Emerald’[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 105-114.

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