达尔文氏棉导入系优良种质筛选及结铃性性状的定位

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过对达尔文氏棉导入系群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行系统鉴定，从中筛选综合性状优良的种质，评估达尔文氏棉改良陆地棉的育种利用价值。并利用筛选获得的强结铃性种质，初步定位源自达尔文氏棉控制结铃性的位点，为解析达尔文氏棉优异性状的遗传基础提供依据。方法以野生棉达尔文氏棉5-7与陆地棉品种泗棉3号为亲本构建的包含1 970份达尔文氏棉导入系为材料，利用描述性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对其产量和纤维品质相关的8个主要性状指标进行分析，筛选优良种质。以筛选获得的强结铃性导入系为材料，利用BSA-seq方法，定位源自达尔文氏棉控制结铃性的位点。结果 3个产量性状的变异系数为10.36%‒39.12%，遗传多样性指数为2.02‒2.05；5个纤维品质性状的变异系数为1.97%‒13.49%，遗传多样性指数为1.84‒2.08。相关性分析表明，14对性状存在极显著正相关性，6对性状存在极显著负相关性，1对性状存在显著负相关性。经聚类分析得到4个类群，其中，第Ⅰ类群材料单株结铃数表现较优；第Ⅱ类群材料马克隆值表现较优；第Ⅲ类群材料断裂比强度表现较优；第Ⅳ类群材料整体表现与轮回亲本泗棉3号相似，单铃重和衣分较高，但纤维品质表现较差。主成分分析中前3个主成分累计贡献率为69.71%，其中纤维断裂比强度、马克隆值和单株结铃数分别在3个主成分中具有最大特征向量。利用主成分权重计算得到综合评价D值，以轮回亲本泗棉3号的D值为标准筛选获得236份综合表现较好的材料。以筛选获得的强结铃性导入系为材料，利用BSA-seq方法获得3个与棉花结铃性关联的区间，Chr.A01（755 344‒1 948 818）、Chr.A07 （4 640 843‒5 739 396）和Chr.D13（34 703 709‒37 715 686），其中，Chr.A01和Chr.D13的关联区域来源于达尔文氏棉基因组渐渗。结论达尔文氏棉在改良棉花纤维断裂比强度、马克隆值和单株结铃数等性状方面具有较大潜力。从筛选的强结铃性种质中获得2个源自达尔文氏棉控制结铃性的候选区域。

关键词: 达尔文氏棉, 导入系, 产量, 纤维品质, 结铃性

Abstract:

Objective Through systematic evaluation of yield and fiber quality traits in a Gossypium darwinii introgression line population, this study aimed to screen for germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits and evaluate the breeding value of G. darwinii for improving major economic traits in upland cotton. And using the screened germplasm with strong boll-setting ability, the loci controlling boll-setting ability from G. darwinii were mapped, thereby providing a foundation for dissecting the genetic basis of desirable traits in G. darwinii. Methods Using 1 970 G. darwinii introgression lines derived from a cross between wild G. darwinii accession 5‒7 and the upland cotton cultivar Simian 3, we performed descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis on eight major economic traits related to yield and fiber quality to screen for superior introgression lines. The selected introgression lines with strong boll-setting ability were then used as materials to map loci controlling the boll-setting trait from G. darwinii via the Bulked Segregant Analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) method. Results The coefficients of variation for the three yield traits ranged from 10.36% to 39.12%, with genetic diversity indices between 2.02 and 2.05. For the five fiber quality traits, coefficients of variation ranged from 1.97% to 13.49%, with genetic diversity indices between 1.84 and 2.08. Correlation analysis identified 14 trait pairs with extremely significant positive correlations, six pairs with extremely significant negative correlations, and one pair with a significant negative correlation. Cluster analysis divided the materials into four groups: Group Ⅰ showed superior boll number per plant; Group Ⅱ exhibited better micronaire values; Group Ⅲ demonstrated higher breaking strength; and Group Ⅳ, similar to the recurrent parent Simian 3, displayed higher boll weight and lint percentage but poorer fiber quality. In the principal component analysis, the first three principal components had a cumulative contribution rate of 69.71%, with fiber breaking strength, micronaire value, and boll number per plant having the largest eigenvectors in the three principal components. A comprehensive evaluation D-value was calculated using the principal component weights, and 236 materials with relatively good overall performance were selected based on the D-value of Simian 3 as the standard. Using the selected introgression lines with strong boll-setting ability, three intervals associated with cotton boll-setting ability were identified via BSA-seq: Chr.A01 (755 344-1 948 818), Chr.A07 (4 640 843-5 739 396), and Chr.D13 (34 703 709-37 715 686). Among these, the associated regions on Chr.A01 and Chr.D13 originated from G. darwinii genome introgression. Conclusion G. darwinii possesses significant potential for improving traits such as fiber breaking strength, micronaire value, and boll number per plant in cotton. From the screened strong boll-setting germplasm, two candidate regions from G. darwinii that control boll-setting ability are identified.

Key words: Gossypium darwinii, introgression lines, yield, fiber quality, boll number per plant

陈稷翀, 王娟, 刘剑光, 赵亮, 王新, 董承光, 赵君. 达尔文氏棉导入系优良种质筛选及结铃性性状的定位[J]. 生物技术通报, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0035.

CHEN Ji-Chong, WANG Juan, LIU Jian-guang, ZHAO Liang, WANG Xin, DONG Cheng-guang, ZHAO Jun. Screening of Elite Germplasm and Localization of Boll-setting Trait Using Gossypium darwinii Introgression Line Population[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0035.

图/表 10

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性状 Traits	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Avg	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV （%）	多样性指数 H'
纤维上半部平均长度 UHML （mm）	19.48	31.65	25.46	1.83	7.20	2.08
整齐度 UI （%）	75.80	87.60	81.88	1.62	1.97	2.06
马克隆值 Mic	2.18	6.78	4.94	0.67	13.49	2.03
断裂比强度 Str （cN/tex）	16.40	39.90	25.91	2.92	11.27	2.02
伸长率 Elg （%）	5.70	7.00	6.25	0.16	2.55	1.84

性状 Traits	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Avg	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV （%）	多样性指数 H'
纤维上半部平均长度 UHML （mm）	19.48	31.65	25.46	1.83	7.20	2.08
整齐度 UI （%）	75.80	87.60	81.88	1.62	1.97	2.06
马克隆值 Mic	2.18	6.78	4.94	0.67	13.49	2.03
断裂比强度 Str （cN/tex）	16.40	39.90	25.91	2.92	11.27	2.02
伸长率 Elg （%）	5.70	7.00	6.25	0.16	2.55	1.84

性状 Traits	单株结铃数 BNP	单铃重 BW	衣分 LP	上半部平均长度 UMHL	整齐度 UI	马克隆值 Mic	断裂比强度 Str	伸长率 Elg
单株结铃数 BNP	1
单铃重 BW	-0.344^**	1
衣分 LP	0.070^**	0.085^**	1
上半部平均长度 MHL	0.008	-0.002	-0.252^**	1
整齐度 UI	0.024	0.034	-0.045^*	0.270^**	1
马克隆值 Mic	0.067^**	0.104^**	0.412^**	-0.364^**	0.106^**	1
断裂比强度 Str	0.029	-0.024	-0.250^**	0.578^**	0.634^**	-0.220^**	1
伸长率 Elg	0.061^**	-0.027	-0.113^**	0.524^**	0.490^**	0.097^**	0.680^**	1

性状 Traits	单株结铃数 BNP	单铃重 BW	衣分 LP	上半部平均长度 UMHL	整齐度 UI	马克隆值 Mic	断裂比强度 Str	伸长率 Elg
单株结铃数 BNP	1
单铃重 BW	-0.344^**	1
衣分 LP	0.070^**	0.085^**	1
上半部平均长度 MHL	0.008	-0.002	-0.252^**	1
整齐度 UI	0.024	0.034	-0.045^*	0.270^**	1
马克隆值 Mic	0.067^**	0.104^**	0.412^**	-0.364^**	0.106^**	1
断裂比强度 Str	0.029	-0.024	-0.250^**	0.578^**	0.634^**	-0.220^**	1
伸长率 Elg	0.061^**	-0.027	-0.113^**	0.524^**	0.490^**	0.097^**	0.680^**	1

聚类类群 Clustering results	数量 Number	单株结铃数 BNP	单铃重 BW （g）	衣分 LP （%）	纤维上半部平均长度 UMHL （mm）	I （%）整齐度 U	马克隆值 Mic	断裂比强度 Str （cN/tex）	伸长率 Elg （%）
Ⅰ	405	21.58	3.70	37.36	25.13	82.19	5.30	25.80	6.31
Ⅱ	494	16.17	4.01	33.97	26.72	82.02	4.38	27.49	6.29
Ⅲ	294	18.72	3.70	35.36	26.97	83.93	5.10	29.65	6.45
Ⅳ	777	17.32	3.99	36.88	24.25	80.86	5.04	23.55	6.12