高通量测序技术解析中学校园细菌群落的特征组成

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0134

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中小学校园是具有人口密度大、微生物传播和交流活跃等特点的特殊人居环境。校园微生物群落组成及其传播是影响青少年健康微生物组形成和发育的重要因素。以某中学校园为研究对象,探究校园不同场所的微生物群落结构,力图初步阐明校园微生物群落及其特征分布。采集教学楼扶手、实验楼扶手门和把手、体育馆扶手、食堂门把手等人体最易接触到的物体微生物样品,采用Illumina HiSeq平台对采集的样品进行细菌 16S rRNA 基因V4区高通量测序,分析各样品的细菌群落特征。结果显示,不同场所细菌群落存在着不同的特征组成。尽管各场所物体表面的微生物主要属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）等的栖水菌属（Enhydrobacter）,链球菌属（Streptococcus）,葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus）等属,但其相对丰度存在着显著的差异。例如,从食堂样品中检测到的丰度较高的不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）和气球菌属（Aerococcus）,在教学区域场所中未发现这两类微生物。体育馆楼梯扶手表面物种多样性显著高于其他场所设施表面物种多样性。通过对校园不同场所细菌组成的初步分析,发现了细菌群落具有按场所用途进行区分的特征,推测这些特征分布应与不同类型教学与生活活动密切相关,为后续研究校园环境对青少年身体健康的影响提供了实践参考。

关键词: 校园, 群落结构, 高通量测序, 微生物多样性

Abstract: The elementary and middle school campus is a special living environment with the characteristics of large population density,active microbial transmission and communication. The microbial community structure and transmission in campus is a key factor impacting the microbial formation and development of adolescents’ healthy. Taking a middle school campus as the research object,the microbial community structure in different places on the campus was explored,and an attempt was made to clarify the campus microbial community and its characteristic distribution. Microbial samples were collected from where human body may easily be in touch to,such as the armrests in the classrooms and gym stadium,the doors and handrails in laboratories,and handrails in canteen. The V4 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes for the samples were sequenced at high-throughput using Illumina HiSeq platform. The results showed that buildings of different usages exhibited distinct microbial communities. There were significant differences in their relative abundances though the microorganisms on the surface of the objects in each building mainly belonged to Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level and Enhydrobacter,Streptococcus and Staphylococcus at the genus level. For example,Acinetobacter and Aerococcus in the canteen samples showed higher abundances but were absent in buildings at the teaching area. The microbial diversity on the armrest surface of the gym stairs was significantly higher than that of other facilities. Through a preliminary analysis of the composition of bacteria in different locations on the campus,we found that the microbial community in the different buildings of the school campus was determined by their usages,and speculated that the distribution of these characteristics should be closely related to different types of teaching and life activities. This study provides a reference for further studying the impact of the campus environment on adolescents’ physical health.

Key words: campus, community structure, high-throughput sequencing, microbial diversity

黄婷, 方源, 冯舟, 沈和, 聂勇, 郑鑫, 汪家权, 许子牧. 高通量测序技术解析中学校园细菌群落的特征组成[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(8): 96-103.

HUANG Ting, FANG Yuan, FENG Zhou, SHEN He, NIE Yong, ZHENG Xin, WANG Jia-quan, XU Zi-mu. Bacterial Communities in a Middle School Campus Assessed by High-throughput Sequencing[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(8): 96-103.

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