糖蜜添加量对杂交构树青贮发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究糖蜜添加量对杂交构树青贮营养价值、发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响。试验分为4个组,分别为无添加组（CK组）,糖蜜添加量为5 g/kg组（M5组）、10 g/kg组（M10组）和20 g/kg组（M20组）,每组4个重复,发酵时间为60 d。结果表明：随糖蜜添加量的增加,杂交构树青贮的干物质和粗蛋白质含量显著线性增加（P < 0.05）,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著线性降低（P < 0.05）。随糖蜜添加量的增加,杂交构树青贮的乳酸含量显著线性增加（P = 0.002）,pH值、丁酸含量和氨态氮/总氮显著线性降低（P < 0.05）。在门水平上,杂交构树青贮的优势菌门为厚壁菌门,其次为变形菌门;在属水平上,M10组和M20组乳杆菌属的比例较CK组和M5组显著增加（P = 0.005）,魏斯氏菌属的比例显著降低（P = 0.003）;M5组、M10组和M20组Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12和肠杆菌属的比例较CK组显著降低（P < 0.05）。综上所述,添加糖蜜对杂交构树青贮中的营养价值和发酵品质均有不同程度的提升作用,并可增加乳杆菌属的丰度,同时降低Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12和肠杆菌属有害微生物的数量。本试验条件下,添加20 g/kg糖蜜杂交构树青贮的营养价值和发酵品质最优。

关键词: 杂交构树, 青贮, 糖蜜, 发酵品质, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of addition amount of molasses on nutritional value,fermentation quality and microbial diversity of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent silage. The four treatments were control group（without additive）,M5 group（5 g/kg molasses）,M10 group（10 g/kg molasses）and M20 group（20 g/kg molasses）. Each group had four replicates and ensiled for 60 d. As results,with an increase of molasses addition amount,the contents of dry matter and crude protein of hybrid B. papyrifera L.Vent silages linearly increased（P < 0.05）,while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber linearly decreased（P < 0.05）. With an increase of molasses addition amount,the lactic acid content of hybrid B. papyrifera L.Vent silages linearly increased（P = 0.002）,while pH,butyric acid content and NH3-N/TN linearly decreased（P < 0.05）. At the phylum level,the dominant phylum in hybrid B. papyrifera L.Vent silages were Firmicutes,followed by Proteobacteria. At the genus level,the proportion of Lactobacillus significantly increased in the M10 and M20 group than the CK and M5 group（P = 0.005）,while the proportion of Weissella significantly decreased（P = 0.003）. The proportions of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 and Enterobacter in the M5,M10 and M20 groups were lower than those in the CK group（P < 0.05）. In conclusion,the addition of molasses improved the nutritional value and fermentation quality of hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent silage,increased the proportion of Lactobacillus,and reduced the proportion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 and Enterobacter. The hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent silage added with 20 g/kg molasses had the best nutritional value and fermentation quality.

Key words: hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent, silage, molasses, fermentation quality, microbial diversity

姜富贵, 成海建, 魏晨, 张召坤, 苏文政, 时光, 宋恩亮. 糖蜜添加量对杂交构树青贮发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(9): 68-76.

JIANG Fu-gui, CHENG Hai-jian, WEI Chen, ZHANG Zhao-kun, SU Wen-zheng, SHI Guang, SONG En-liang. Effects of Addition Amount of Molasses on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Diversity of Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent Silage[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(9): 68-76.

图/表 7

表1 杂交构树原料的营养成分（干物质基础）

Table 1 Nutritional composition of hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent（dry matter basis）

项目Item	含量Content/%
干物质DM	28.73
粗蛋白CP	17.69
中性洗涤纤维NDF	44.80
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	23.07
酸性洗涤木质素ADL	8.70
粗灰分Ash	11.70
粗脂肪EE	6.49
水溶性碳水化合物WSC	1.27

表2 糖蜜添加量对杂交构树青贮营养成分含量的影响（干物质基础）

Table 2 Effects of addition amount of molasses on nutrient contents of hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent silage（dry matter basis）

项目Item	不同处理组Treatment				标准误SEM	P值P value
项目Item	CK	M5	M10	M20	标准误SEM	T	L	Q	C
干物质DM/%	24.41^b	26.83^a	28.02^a	28.32^a	0.466	0.001	<0.001	0.027	0.898
粗蛋白质CP/%	15.18^b	16.38^ab	16.98^ab	17.64^a	0.360	0.047	0.020	0.889	0.282
中性洗涤纤维NDF/%	37.56^a	35.42^a	32.13^b	31.39^b	0.718	<0.001	<0.001	0.034	0.237
酸性洗涤纤维ADF/%	20.88^a	20.48^a	19.41^a	17.41^b	0.403	<0.001	<0.001	0.490	0.658
酸性洗涤木质素ADL/%	5.97	6.40	5.35	4.64	0.294	0.161	0.149	0.612	0.321
粗灰分Ash/%	12.63^a	11.80^b	11.78^b	11.53^b	0.139	0.009	0.004	0.078	0.217
粗脂肪EE/%	6.96	7.98	7.67	7.58	0.367	0.828	0.733	0.510	0.592
水溶性碳水化合物WSC/%	0.54^c	0.53^c	0.79^b	1.08^a	0.064	<0.001	<0.001	0.303	0.123

表3 糖蜜添加量对杂交构树青贮发酵品质的影响（干物质基础）

Table 3 Effects of addition amount of molasses on the fermentation quality of hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent silage（dry matter basis）

项目Item	不同处理组Treatments				标准差 SEM	P值P value
项目Item	CK	M5	M10	M20	标准差 SEM	T	L	Q	C
pH	5.25^a	4.66^b	4.24^c	4.08^d	0.118	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.776
乳酸Lactic acid /（g·kg^-1）	21.64^b	46.98^ab	59.64^a	73.67^a	6.774	0.024	0.002	0.120	0.611
乙酸Acetic acid /（g·kg^-1）	24.96	26.04	24.09	22.72	0.649	0.342	0.131	0.595	0.401
丙酸Propionic acid /（g·kg^-1）	1.10^a	0.96^ab	0.52^b	0.44^b	0.104	0.043	0.010	0.380	0.358
丁酸Butyric acid /（g·kg^-1）	11.01^a	0.62^b	0.45^b	0.43^b	1.442	0.004	0.005	0.008	0.147
氨态氮/总氮NH₃-N/TN /%	13.40^a	7.02^b	5.18^b	2.53^c	1.092	<0.001	<0.001	0.003	0.150

图1 杂交构树鲜样和青贮的Alpha多样性分析各处理组标注不同字母表示具有显著差异（P < 0.05）。CK：对照组;M5：5 g/kg 糖蜜添加组;M10：10 g/kg 糖蜜添加组;M20：20 g/kg 糖蜜添加组,下同

Fig. 1 Alpha diversity analysis of hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent fresh material and silage The histogram with different superscripts letters among treatments refer to significantly different（P < 0.05）. CK：control group.M5：5 g/kg molasses group. M10：10 g/kg molasses group. M20：20 g/kg molasses group. The same below

图2 杂交构树鲜样和青贮的PCoA分析

Fig. 2 Principal co-ordinates analysis of hybrid B. papyri-fera L. Vent fresh material and silage

图3 杂交构树鲜样和青贮在门水平（A）和属水平（B）的微生物群落组成

Fig. 3 Microbial community structure of hybrid B. papy-rifera L. Vent fresh material and silage at phylum（A）and genus（B）level

图4 各组杂交构树青贮在属水平菌群的差异性分析

Fig. 4 Difference analysis of flora of hybrid B. papyrifera L. Vent silage groups at genus level

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