泰山野生蛹虫草优良菌株的筛选

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步深入挖掘泰山地区的蛹虫草资源,获得高产优质的优良菌株,以采集分离自泰山地区的14株野生蛹虫草菌株为实验材料,通过菌丝长速测定、菌落特征观察、出草试验及主要活性物质（虫草素、N⁶-（2-羟乙基）腺苷、虫草多糖、β-类胡萝卜素、叶黄素）的测定分析,并利用归一化算法对各菌株特性进行综合评价。最终筛选出2个综合性状优异的蛹虫草菌株和1个虫草素含量较高的菌株。2个综合性状较优良的菌株的子实体成熟周期均为46.3 d,子实体粗长,生物学效率分别为55.31%和58.08%,虫草素含量分别为5.43 mg/g和7.13 mg/g,腺苷含量分别为0.38 mg/g和0.56 mg/g,多糖含量分别为90.44 mg/g和84.68 mg/g;1个菌株产量较低,但虫草素含量高达 15.14 mg/g,腺苷含量也较高,为0.66 mg/g。

关键词: 蛹虫草, 菌株筛选, 活性物质

Abstract:

In order to further dig the resources of Cordyceps militaris in Mountain Tai area and to obtain the superior strains of C. militaris with high yield and high quality,14 wild strains isolated from wild C. militaris in Mountain Tai were used as experimental materials,the mycelial growth rate,colony characteristics,fruiting body morphology and yield,and the main active substances（cordycepin,N⁶-（2-hydroxyethyl）adenosine,polysaccharide,β-carotenoid,and lutein）were determined,and the characteristics of each strain were evaluated by the normalization method. Finally,2 strains with superior comprehensive characteristics and 1 strain with high cordycepin content were selected. The selected two superior strains had the best comprehensive quality,the cultivation periods of fruit body were both 46.3 d,fruit bodies were thick and long,the biological efficiency was 55.31% and 58.08%,the cordycepin content was 5.43 mg/g and 7.13 mg/g,the adenosine content was 0.38 mg/g and 0.56 mg/g,the polysaccharide content was 90.44 mg/g and 84.68 mg/g,respectively. The high cordycepin content strain had lower yield,but the cordycepin content was up to 15.14 mg/g and adenosine content was also high（0.66 mg/g）.

Key words: Cordyceps militaris, screening of strains, active substance

郭玉峰, 汪乔, 王祥锋, 周婷, 杨晓君, 王庆佶, 王丽. 泰山野生蛹虫草优良菌株的筛选[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(11): 125-133.

GUO Yu-feng, WANG Qiao, WANG Xiang-feng, ZHOU Ting, YANG Xiao-jun, WANG Qing-ji, WANG Li. Screening of Superior Strains Isolated from Wild Cordyceps militaris in Mountain Tai[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(11): 125-133.

图/表 7

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菌株编号Strain	日均菌丝长速Daily mycelial growth rate/（mm·d^-1）	菌落特征Characteristics of colony
1	1.47±0.23 cd	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
2	1.76±0.27 abc	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
3	1.25±0.04 d	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
4	1.54±0.14 bcd	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
5	1.72±0.16 abc	致密、淡黄色、边缘不整齐 Dense,light yellow,and irregular edge
6	1.88±0.11 ab	绒毛状、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,light yellow,and neat edge
7	0.83±0.14 e	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
8	1.64±0.23 abc	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
9	1.69±0.02 abc	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
10	1.93±0.21 a	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
11	1.88±0.11 ab	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
12	0.68±0.13 e	绒毛状、白色、边缘发散 Dense,light yellow,and edge divergence
13	1.44±0.24 cd	致密、淡黄色、环纹状 Dense,light yellow,and ring shape
14	1.58±0.25 abcd	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge

菌株编号Strain	日均菌丝长速Daily mycelial growth rate/（mm·d^-1）	菌落特征Characteristics of colony
1	1.47±0.23 cd	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
2	1.76±0.27 abc	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
3	1.25±0.04 d	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
4	1.54±0.14 bcd	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
5	1.72±0.16 abc	致密、淡黄色、边缘不整齐 Dense,light yellow,and irregular edge
6	1.88±0.11 ab	绒毛状、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,light yellow,and neat edge
7	0.83±0.14 e	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
8	1.64±0.23 abc	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
9	1.69±0.02 abc	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
10	1.93±0.21 a	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge
11	1.88±0.11 ab	致密、淡黄色、边缘整齐 Dense,light yellow,and neat edge
12	0.68±0.13 e	绒毛状、白色、边缘发散 Dense,light yellow,and edge divergence
13	1.44±0.24 cd	致密、淡黄色、环纹状 Dense,light yellow,and ring shape
14	1.58±0.25 abcd	绒毛状、白色、边缘整齐 Fluffy,white,and neat edge

菌株编号 Strain	转色情况 Color-converting situation	成熟周期 Maturating period/d	子实体鲜重 Fresh weight of fruit body/g	子实体干重 Dry weight of fruit body/g	生物学效率 Biological efficiency/%	子实体形态 Fruit body morphology
1	++	54.3±1.2 a	18.67±3.45 bcd	3.91±0.39 abc	46.67±0.09 bcd	橘黄粗短圆头
2	+++	46.3±2.1 c	22.12±4.12 abc	4.95±0.88 ab	55.31±0.10 abc	橙黄粗长圆头
3	+	51.3±1.2 b	23.19±3.11ab	4.44±0.49 ab	57.80±0.78 ab	淡黄粗短尖头
4	+++	46.3±1.5c	23.23±0.78 ab	5.15±0.17 a	58.08±0.02 ab	淡黄细长尖头
5	++	55.3±2.5 a	24.23±2.85 a	5.18±0.32 a	60.58±0.71 a	橙黄粗短圆头
6	++	56.7±1.5 a	17.62±0.61 cd	3.62±0.12 bcd	44.06±0.15 cd	淡黄细短尖头
9	+	56.3±1.5 a	15.54±1.24 d	2.66±0.81 cd	38.85±0.31 d	淡黄细短圆头
11	++	51.3±1.5 b	20.71±2.10 abcd	4.35±0.93 ab	51.77±0.05 abcd	淡黄细短尖头
13	+	43.3±1.5 d	16.59±4.07 d	4.11±1.20 d	41.46±0.10 d	淡黄粗短尖头

菌株编号 Strain	转色情况 Color-converting situation	成熟周期 Maturating period/d	子实体鲜重 Fresh weight of fruit body/g	子实体干重 Dry weight of fruit body/g	生物学效率 Biological efficiency/%	子实体形态 Fruit body morphology
1	++	54.3±1.2 a	18.67±3.45 bcd	3.91±0.39 abc	46.67±0.09 bcd	橘黄粗短圆头
2	+++	46.3±2.1 c	22.12±4.12 abc	4.95±0.88 ab	55.31±0.10 abc	橙黄粗长圆头
3	+	51.3±1.2 b	23.19±3.11ab	4.44±0.49 ab	57.80±0.78 ab	淡黄粗短尖头
4	+++	46.3±1.5c	23.23±0.78 ab	5.15±0.17 a	58.08±0.02 ab	淡黄细长尖头
5	++	55.3±2.5 a	24.23±2.85 a	5.18±0.32 a	60.58±0.71 a	橙黄粗短圆头
6	++	56.7±1.5 a	17.62±0.61 cd	3.62±0.12 bcd	44.06±0.15 cd	淡黄细短尖头
9	+	56.3±1.5 a	15.54±1.24 d	2.66±0.81 cd	38.85±0.31 d	淡黄细短圆头
11	++	51.3±1.5 b	20.71±2.10 abcd	4.35±0.93 ab	51.77±0.05 abcd	淡黄细短尖头
13	+	43.3±1.5 d	16.59±4.07 d	4.11±1.20 d	41.46±0.10 d	淡黄粗短尖头

活性物质Active substance/（mg·g^-1）	菌株Strain
活性物质Active substance/（mg·g^-1）	1	2	3	4	5	6	9	11	13
虫草素 Cordycepin	3.87±0.22 f	5.43±0.30 e	6.13±0.61 d	7.13±0.09 c	2.51±0.23 g	2.73±0.07 g	0.80±0.05 h	9.03±0.19 b	15.14± 0.16 a
N⁶-（2-羟乙基）腺苷Adenosine	0.42±0.02 d	0.38±0.01 e	0.59±0.01 b	0.56±0.01 c	0.25±0.01 g	0.31±0.01 f	0.26±0.02 g	0.31±0.02 f	0.66±0.01 a
多糖 Polysac-charides	43.97±3.86 d	90.44±3.68 a	74.58±0.98 b	84.68±0.12 a	90.04±1.34 a	61.90±1.51 c	75.46±4.57 b	72.82±6.42 b	43.27± 3.49 d
β-类胡萝卜素 β-Carotene	0.065±0.002 a	0.055±0.001 b	0.036±0.001 e	0.036±0.001 e	0.034±0.001 f	0.036±0.001 e	0.047±0.001 c	0.032±0.002 f	0.041± 0.001 d
叶黄素 Xanthophyll	0.17±0.01 e	0.32±0.01 b	0.14±0.01 fg	0.13±0.01 g	0.19±0.01 d	0.13±0.01 g	0.654±0.01 a	0.233±0.01 c	0.15±0.01 f