独脚金内酯与激素互作调控根系生长的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

独脚金内酯是调控植物根系生长的新型植物激素,在刺激寄生植物种子萌发、促进丛枝菌根真菌菌丝分枝以及调节植物分枝等过程中发挥着重要的作用。根系是植物感知土壤信号以及吸收养分、水分和矿质元素等的重要器官。外部环境和内部激素均能影响植物根系的生长发育。独脚金内酯可以抑制生长素转运而增加分生区及过渡区大小调控主根伸长、抑制侧根原基的发生和侧根发育,该过程同时依赖于细胞分裂素受体AHK3,也可以促进乙烯的合成和生长素转运及其受体TIR1的表达而调控根毛伸长。综述了独脚金内酯的结构、功能及其与生长素和细胞分裂素等植物激素互作调控主根伸长、侧根发生、根毛的发生和伸长等过程,以期为阐明独脚金内酯调控植物根系生长的机制提供理论与实践依据。

关键词: 独脚金内酯, 根系生长, 激素互作

Abstract:

As a novel kind of phytohormones of regulating plant root system,strigolactone plays an important role in stimulating the seed germination of parasitic plants,promoting the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and regulating the plant shoot branching. The root system is a vital organ for plants to sense the signals of the soil and absorb the nutrients,water and mineral elements,and its development and growth are affected by both external environment and endogenous hormones. Strigolactone inhibits the transportation of auxin and thus increases the size of the meristem and transition zones to regulate the elongation of the primary root,and to suppress the occurrence of the lateral root primordia and the development of the lateral root,which depends on the receptor of cytokinin AHK3. Strigolactone also regulates root hair elongation by promoting the biosynthesis of ethylene,the transportation of auxin and the expression of the auxin receptor TIR1. Here we summarized the structures and functions of strigolactone,as well as its interactions with other hormones such as auxin and cytokinin to regulate the processes of the primary root elongation,lateral root formation and root hair formation and elongation. It is aimed to lay theoretical and practical evidences for further elucidating the regulation mechanism of strigolactone in plant root growth.

Key words: strigolactone, root growth, interactions among hormones

沈月, 陶宝杰, 华夏, 吕冰, 刘立军, 陈云. 独脚金内酯与激素互作调控根系生长的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(8): 24-31.

SHEN Yue, TAO Bao-jie, HUA Xia, LV Bing, LIU Li-jun, CHEN Yun. Research Progress in the Interactions of Strigolactone with Hormones on Regulating Root Growth[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(8): 24-31.

图/表 4

图1 独脚金内酯的化学结构 A：典型的独脚金内酯;B：非典型的独脚金内酯

Fig. 1 Structures of strigolactone A：Canonical strigolactone. B：Non-canonical strigolactone

图2 独脚金内酯的生物合成通路独脚金内酯合成基因在不同物种中的命名。拟南芥：MAX;水稻：D;豌豆：RMS;矮牵牛：DAD。生物合成通路引自文献[9,18]

Fig.2 Biosynthesis pathway of strigolactone The genes of strigolactone biosynthesis are identified and named MAX（MORE AXILLARY GROWTH）in Arabidopsis,D（DWARF）in rice,RMS（RAMOSUS）in pea and DAD（DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE）in petunia. Biosynthesis pathway cited from references[9,18]

表1 独脚金内酯的功能及其生理或分子反应

Table 1 Functions and physiological/molecular responses of strigolactone

功能 Function	生理/分子反应 Physiological/molecular response	参考文献 Reference
丛枝菌根真菌菌丝分枝	BRC1表达上调,促进养分胁迫下营养物质的吸收	[3,21⇓-23]
植物分枝	BRC1表达上调	[21]
种子萌发	激活CYP707A1表达,促进DELLA降解	[24-25]
主根发育及伸长	依赖MAX2,与生长素互作	[26-27]
侧根的形成	PIN1表达降低,与生长素、细胞分裂素互作	[27⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-34]
不定根的形成	生长素含量及敏感性降低、细胞分裂素含量增加	[35⇓-37]
根毛的发生与伸长	依赖MAX2,与生长素、乙烯互作	[27,31,38⇓⇓-41]
叶片衰老	SAG表达上调	[42]
调节植物次生生长	细胞分裂增强、形成层活性提高	[38,43]
光形态建成	与隐花色素、光敏色素STH7/BBX20互作	[44-45]
养分胁迫	PDR1表达上调	[46-47]
干旱胁迫	活性氧清除剂、诱导气孔关闭减少蒸腾作用	[48⇓-50]
低温胁迫	D10表达上调	[47]
盐胁迫	MDA、H₂O₂、ROS等含量降低	[51]
生物胁迫	增加对病原菌的敏感性	[52-53]

图3 独脚金内酯、生长素、细胞分裂素和乙烯对根系生长的协同调节 PR：主根;LR：侧根;RH：根毛;IAA：生长素;CK：细胞分裂素;ETH：乙烯;SL：独脚金内酯

Fig.3 Synergetic regulation of the root growth by strigola-ctone,auxin,cytokinin and ethylene PR：Primary root;LR：lateral root;RH：root hair;IAA：auxin;CK：cytokinin;ETH：ethylene;SL：strigolactone

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