2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜幼苗生理特性的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析不同浓度的2,4-表油菜素内酯（2,4-EBR）对镉胁迫下胡萝卜幼苗的生长特性、生理指标及镉吸收转运相关基因表达的影响，为胡萝卜对镉抗性的相关研究提供理论支撑。方法以胡萝卜‘红芯四号’为试验材料，采用实验室水培的方法，研究不同浓度（0.1、0.5、1和1.5 μmol/L）2,4-EBR对CdCl₂胁迫下胡萝卜幼苗生长特性、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性以及镉吸收转运相关基因表达的影响。结果胡萝卜幼苗在0.1 mmol/L镉胁迫条件下生长受到显著抑制，外源施加1 μmol/L 2,4-EBR可以抑制镉离子的吸收和转运，促进胡萝卜幼苗根长和株高的增加，提高叶片SOD、POD、CAT和APX的活性，增加光合色素含量并提高叶片光合效率，抑制镉吸收转运相关基因DcHMA3、DcHMA4、DcCAX2、DcCAX4的表达，维持植物体氧化还原代谢途径平衡。结论 2,4-EBR可促进胡萝卜根茎生长，增强抗氧化酶活性，提高光合效率，调节GSH-PCs代谢途径以及调控相关基因表达量，从而缓解胡萝卜幼苗在镉胁迫下的伤害，而且最适宜的2,4-EBR处理浓度为1 μmol/L。

关键词: 镉胁迫, 2，4-表油菜素内酯, 胡萝卜, 生长和生理特性, 基因表达

Abstract:

Objective This study is aimed to investigate the impact of varying concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide on growth indices, physiological parameters, and the expression of cadmium (Cd) uptake and transporter-related genes in carrot (Daucus carota L.) seedlings subjected to Cd stress. The findings provide theoretical insights into Cd resistance research in carrots. Method The "Hongxin 4" carrot cultivar (Daucus carota L.) was selected for the experimental materials. Using a hydroponic system, we examined the effects of different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 μmol/L) of 2,4-epibrassinolide on the growth traits, physiological indicators, and photosynthesis of carrot seedlings under 0.1 mmol/L CdCl₂ stress. Result The growth of carrot seedlings was significantly inhibited under 0.1 mmol/L Cd stress. However, the exogenous application of 1 μmol/L 2,4-epibrassinolide inhibited cadmium ion absorption and transport, promoted the root length and plant height, elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the leaves, increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency, and suppressed the expressions of Cd uptake and transport-related genes (DcHMA3, DcHMA4, DcCAX2 and DcCAX4),thereby maintaining the balance of redox metabolic pathways in the plants. Conclusion 2,4-epibrassinolide promoted carrot root growth, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, improved photosynthetic efficiency, regulated the glutathione-phytochelatin (GSH-PC) metabolic pathway, and modulated the expressions of related genes to alleviate Cd stress-induced damage in carrot seedlings. The optimal concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolid for carrots was found to be 1 μmol/L.

Key words: cadmium stress, 2,4-epibrassinolide, carrot, physiological characteristics, gene expression

周志国, 樊双虎, 邓晨, 冯雪. 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(5): 165-174.

ZHOU Zhi-guo, FAN Shuang-hu, DENG Chen, FENG Xue. Effects of Exogenous 2，4-Epibrassinolide on Physiological Characteristics of Daucus carota L. Seedlings under Cadmium Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(5): 165-174.

图/表 10

表1 PCR反应体系

Table 1 PCR reaction system

试剂 Reagent	体积 Volume （μL）
cDNA模板 cDNA template	1
正向引物 Forward primer	0.5
反向引物 Reverse primer	0.5
2xGreen qPCR混合物 2xGreen qPCR Mixture	10
DEPC-ddH₂O	8

表2 引物设计

Table 2 Primers design

基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward primer （5′‒3′）	反向引物 Reverse primer （5′‒3′）
DcHMA3	CAATGGAGCCACTCTCTAACTC	GACCTGCCTTACTTCTGAACTT
DcHMA4	ATTGGGCATCATCACCTACTC	GCAACACTCCTTGCTCAAAC
DcCAX2	GTGAGTCGAAAGCCTCAGAAA	CTTGATCTCCACTCGTTCATCC
DcCAX4	GCCATGGCAAATGGAGAATG	CAACGACGAGGCCGAAATA
DcActin	CGGTATTGTGTTGGACTCTGGTGAT	CAGCAAGGTCAAGACGGAGTAGG

表3 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜幼苗各部分镉含量的影响

Table 3 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on cadmium content of different parts in carrot under cadmium stress

处理 Treatment	地上部镉含量 Cd content in aerial parts （mg/kg）	地下部镉含量 Cd content in underground （mg/kg）	地上部富集系数 Overground enrichment coefficient	地下部富集系数 Underground enrichment coefficient	转运系数 Transfer coefficient
CK2	65.18±2.80a	319.00±1.78a	2.61±0.11a	12.76±0.07a	0.20±0.01a
T1	56.81±0.91b	267.80±2.07b	2.27±0.04b	10.71±0.08b	0.21±0.00a
T2	45.81±0.93c	250.60±3.75c	1.83±0.04c	10.02±0.15c	0.18±0.00b
T3	31.67±1.62e	233.17±3.73d	1.27±0.06e	9.33±0.15d	0.14±0.01c
T4	41.17±0.90d	246.53±0.95c	1.65±0.04d	9.86±0.04c	0.17±0.00b

图1 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜幼苗生长指标的影响图中不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著；CK1为清水对照组，下同

Fig. 1 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on growth index of carrot under cadmium stressDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05); CK1 was the water control group. The same below

图2 2， 4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜根系活力和硝酸还原酶活性的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on the root activities and NR activities of carrot under cadmium stress

图3 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on the antioxidant enzyme activities of carrot under cadmium stress

图4 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜色素含量的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on the pigment contents of carrot under cadmium stress

图5 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜光合参数的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on the photosynthetic parameters of carrot under cadmium stress

图6 2，4-表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下胡萝卜GSH-PCs代谢途径的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of exogenous 2,4-EBR on the GSH-PCs metabolic pathways of carrot under cadmium stress

图7 胡萝卜叶片基因相对表达量

Fig. 7 Relative expressions of gene in carrot leaves

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