植物MicroRNA介导的基因调控在作物改良中的应用潜能

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是长度约22个核苷酸的內源、单链、非编码、小分子RNA，通过降解或抑制靶mRNA介导转录后沉默。随着高通量测序技术及各种研究技术的进步，越来越多的microRNA被测序和验证，为利用基因工程手段进行作物改良提供了丰富的候选基因资源。综述了miRNAs在生物胁迫、非生物胁迫和植物生长发育等方面的最新研究进展，同时分析了miRNAs介导的基因调控在作物改良中的应用潜能，并介绍了几种基于miRNA作用机制的植物基因工程改良作物的转基因新技术，如靶基因RNAi，人工miRNAs（amiRNAs），Target Mimics（TM），超表达miRNA-resistant tagerts；也讨论了基于miRNA作用机制的转基因技术所面临的风险和挑战。

关键词: MicroRNAs, 靶基因, 作物改良, RNAi, amiRNAs, Target mimics, miRNA-resistant tagerts

Abstract: Plant microRNAs（miRNAs）are small RNAs of approximate 22 nt，endogenous，single-strand，and non-coding. They play regulatory roles at post-transcription level by inhibiting translation or promoting the degradation of target mRNAs. With the advances in high-throughput sequencing technology and a variety of research techniques，more and more microRNAs have been predicted and validated，which provide a rich candidate gene resources for crop improvement through genetic engineering. This review highlights the recent advances in studies of biotic stress，abiotic stress，as well as plant growth and development，and then analyzes the potential of miRNA-mediated gene regulation for crop improvement. In addition，several transgenic technologies for genetically modified crops in plant genetic engineering with miRNA-based gene regulation are introduced，including RNAi of target gene，artificial miRNAs（amiRNAs），target mimics（TM）and over-expressing miRNA-resistant targets. Also the potential risks and challenges of miRNA-based genetic modification technology are discussed.

Key words: microRNAs, target gene, crop improvement, RNAi, amiRNAs, target mimics, miRNA-resistant targets

刘伟灿,周永刚,王兴超,王法微,王南,董园园,李晓薇,李海燕. 植物MicroRNA介导的基因调控在作物改良中的应用潜能[J]. 生物技术通报, 2016, 32(4): 6-15.

LIU Wei-can ,ZHOU Yong-gang, WANG Xing-chao, WANG Fa-wei, WANG Nan, DONG Yuan-yuan, LI Xiao-wei, LI Hai-yan. The Potential Application of microRNA-mediated Gene Regulation in Crop Improvement[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2016, 32(4): 6-15.

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