RNAi技术的最新研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0455

摘要/Abstract

摘要： RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是真核生物中由双链RNA（double-stranded RNA,dsRNA）诱发同源mRNA降解,使靶基因沉默的现象。目前,RNAi技术作为基因调控的有效工具,具有高度特异性、高效、可传播等特点,被广泛用于病虫害防治、肿瘤及癌症治疗等领域。尤其在医学上的应用,相对于传统的疫苗预防和药物治疗而言,RNAi技术在靶点用药、减少副作用、抑制致病基因表达等方面具有不可比拟的优越性,在癌症等疾病治疗的新方法中发挥越来越重要的作用。主要介绍RNAi的作用机理、导入方法及其在植物改良、生物防治、昆虫抗药性、疾病的预防与治疗中的最新应用进展,并对其应用前景进行综合分析与评价,以期为相关领域的研究者提供参考。

关键词: RNAi, dsRNA, shRNA, 转基因法, 作用机理

Abstract: RNA interference（RNAi）is a phenomenon in which the target gene is silenced by double-stranded RNA（dsRNA）inducing homologous mRNA degradation in the eukaryotic cells. At present,RNAi technology,as an effective tool for gene regulation,is widely used in pest control,cure of tumor and cancer duo to its high specificity,high efficiency,transmission and other characteristics. Especially in the medical application,compared with the traditional vaccine prevention and drug therapy,RNAi technology has unparalleled advantages of target medication,reducing side effects and inhibiting the expression of virulence genes,thus it plays an increasing significant role in the new treatment methods of cancer and other diseases. The mechanism,introducing methods of RNAi and its latest application in plant improvement,biological control,insect resistance,disease prevention and treatment are synthetically analyzed and evaluated in this paper,for providing the reference for researchers in related fields.

Key words: RNAi, dsRNA, shRNA, transgenic method, action mechanism

王伟伟, 刘妮, 陆沁, 凌晓霏, 陈航. RNAi技术的最新研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2017, 33(11): 35-40.

WANG Wei-wei, LIU Ni, LU Qin, LING Xiao-fei, CHEN Hang. Latest Research Progress on RNA Interference Technology[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2017, 33(11): 35-40.

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