辣木抗逆相关研究现状及应用

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0392

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辣木（Moringa oleifera Lam）属于热带、亚热带速生树种,具有耐高温、耐贫瘠、耐旱等优良抗性,营养成分和功能性成分含量丰富,可应用于食品、保健品、饲料等多种领域。全球环境变化和人类活动使非生物胁迫加剧,辣木的非生物胁迫抗性越来越受关注,包括干旱胁迫、低温胁迫和盐胁迫抗性。同时,辣木提取物可作为安全有效的生长调节剂,缓解非生物胁迫对植物的损伤,促进植物生长,提高抗逆性,改善产量和品质。无论是辣木的抗逆性研究还是辣木生长调节剂的应用研究,主要通过植物的形态、产量/品质、渗透调节系统、酶保护系统、光合系统、分子水平等相关参数的变化来评价辣木植株或品种的抗性及对逆境损伤植物的改善程度。综述了近年来辣木抗逆研究现状及其提取物在植物抗逆上的应用进展,对其中存在的问题进行讨论,并提出展望,以期为辣木抗逆育种研究、抗逆机制研究及诱导植物抗逆性的应用研究提供参考。

关键词: 辣木, 辣木提取物, 抗逆, 生长调节剂

Abstract:

Moringa oleifera Lam is tropical and subtropical fast-growing tree species. It has excellent resistance to high temperature,barrens,and drought. It is rich in nutrient and functional ingredients,and thus it can be used in various fields such as food,health product,and fodder. The changes of global environmental and human activities have aggravated abiotic stress. The resistances of M. oleifera to abiotic stress,including drought,low temperature,and salt,have been attracted growing attentions. At the same time,the extract from M. oleifera can be used as a safe and effective biostimulant for alleviating the damage caused by abiotic stress,promoting plant growth,increasing stress resistance,and improving the yield and quality of plants. In either the study of abiotic stress resistance of M. oleifera or the study of M. oleifera growth regulators,the resistances of M. oleifera plant and species as well as the improvements to the plant damages by the stress were evaluated by the changes of relevant parameters,such as morphology,yield and quality,osmoregulatory systems,protective enzyme systems,photosynthetic systems,molecular levels,etc. This review summarizes the research status in last few years on the stress resistance of M. oleifera and the application progress of its extract in the stress resistance of plants,discusses the existing issues,and proposes the research prospects,aiming to provide references for studying the stress-resistant breeding,the mechanism of stress-resistance,as well as the application research of inducing plant stress resistance.

Key words: Moringa oleifera, extract from Moringa oleifera, stress resistance, plant growth regulator

普天磊, 韩学琴, 廖承飞, 邓红山, 罗会英, 金杰. 辣木抗逆相关研究现状及应用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(11): 133-140.

PU Tian-lei, HAN Xue-qin, LIAO Cheng-fei, DEN Hong-shan, LUO Hui-ying, JIN Jie. Research Status on the Stress Resistance of Moringa oleifera and Its Application[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(11): 133-140.

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