内生真菌提高禾草抗盐碱性研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0429

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 盐碱会导致植株生长缓慢,甚至抑制其正常发育,如何降低高盐和高pH对植物的不利影响,已成为农业持续发展的重大课题。近年来,内生和共生真菌对宿主植物在抗盐碱方面的有益作用也引起了研究人员的广泛关注。综述了内生真菌对宿主禾草植物抗盐碱性影响的研究成果,首先评述了内生真菌对宿主禾草在盐碱胁迫下种子萌发和生长发育影响表现在：提高种子发芽率;促进胚芽和胚根生长;提高宿主禾草的分蘖数、叶片数、株高、生物量、根冠比、成熟花序长度、种子数和种子产量。但也有感染内生真菌对宿主在盐胁迫下无促进作用的。其次,评述了内生真菌在减少禾草盐碱胁迫的原初盐害方面作用表现为：影响膜透性、提高光合作用、增加水分利用效率、改变营养代谢和离子毒害、影响植物激素代谢。最后综述了内生真菌在减少禾草次生盐害方面作用,内生真菌具有促进禾草分泌抗氧化剂、增加抗氧化酶活性、调节有机渗透物质的作用。系统的归纳了内生真菌与宿主禾草抗盐碱性相关研究成果,提出未来可能的研究问题和方向为后期的科研提供参考。

关键词: 内生真菌, 盐胁迫, 碱胁迫, 抗逆性

Abstract: Soil salinization results in the slow growth of plants,and even inhibits their normal development. How to eliminate the adverse influences of high salinity and high pH on the growth and productivity of plants in saline-alkali land has become a key issue in agricultural sustainable development. Recently,some great benefits of endophytes and symbiotic fungi in salt and alkali resistance of host plants have been arousing great interest among scientific community. In this paper we summarized the advances on the effects of endophytic fungi on salt and alkali tolerance of host grasses. Firstly,we reviewed the impacts of endophytic fungi on the seed germination and growth of host grasses under salt-alkali stress,i.e.,increasing the seed germination rate,accelerating the growth of germ and radicle,and improving the tiller number,leaf number,plant height,biomass,root-shoot ratio,mature inflorescence length,seed number and seed production of host grasses. While as there were no promoting effects among some grasses infected by endophyte under salt stress. Secondly,we reviewed the roles of endophytic fungi in terms of reducing the original salt injury of host grasses in salt and alkali stresses,such as affecting the membrane permeability,improving photosynthesis,increasing water use efficiency,changing the nutritional metabolism and ion poisoning,and impacting the metabolism of plant hormones. Finally,we summarized the roles of endophytic fungi in reducing secondary salt damages to the host grass;endophytic fungi promoted the secretion of antioxidants in grasses,increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and adjusted the contents of the organic osmotic substances. This review systematically summarized the relevant research achievements on the endophytic fungi and the salt and alkali resistance of host grasses,brought up possible future research questions and approaches,and may provide references for later research.

Key words: endophyte, salt stress, alkali stress, stress resistance

陈水红, 曹莹, 陈泰祥, 李春杰. 内生真菌提高禾草抗盐碱性研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(4): 35-42.

CHEN Shui-hong, CAO Ying, CHEN Tai-xiang, LI Chun-jie. Research Process on the Endophyte Improving the Grass’s Salt and Alkali Resistance[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(4): 35-42.

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