土壤微生物对异噁草酮连续施用的响应

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1252

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本实验研究了温室条件下,连续两年施用异噁草酮后土壤微生物群落组成及N转化功能微生物的响应。第二次施药后第7天、15天、30天、60天和90天采集土壤,测定异噁草酮残留量和相关微生物指标。研究结果显示异噁草酮降解半衰期为17.4 d。施药后第15天细菌拷贝数降低,Alpha多样性增加;真菌拷贝数在第15天和60天显著降低,Alpha多样性在第7天和第90天显著降低。主成分分析（PCoA）显示,整个培养期间细菌和真菌的群落组成显著改变。分子生态网络分析表明,异噁草酮增加分子生态网络中节点数、连接数、平均度和平均路径长度,显著改变模块枢纽与联络者。FAPROTAX功能预测结果表明异噁草酮主要降低反硝化作用。

关键词: 异噁草酮, 土壤微生物, 群落结构, 分子生态学网络, 功能预测

Abstract:

This work aims to investigate the responses of soil microbial communities and microbes with nitrogen-transforming functions to 2 years consecutive application of clomazone under greenhouse conditions. Soil was sampled after 7,15,30,60,and 90 d of second application and clomazone residue concentration and relevant microbial parameters were determined. The half-lives of clomazone in this experiment were 17.4 d. The results showed that copy numbers of bacteria decreased,whereas bacterial Alpha diversity increased. Copy numbers of fungi（day 15 and day 60）and fungal diversity（day 7 and day 90）significantly decreased. Principal co-ordinates analysis（PCoA）results revealed that the bacterial and fungal community structure significantly changed during the whole culture period. Furthermore,molecular ecological network analysis indicated that the network of clomazone-treated soils contained more nodes,links,higher average degree and average path distance than control soils,i.e.,clomazone application led to remarkable changes in key species of its community network. FAPROTAX functional prediction results showed clomazone mainly reduced denitrification function.

Key words: clomazone, soil microorganism, community structure, molecular ecology network, functional prediction

张盈, 吴小虎, 李晓刚, 段婷婷, 徐军, 董丰收, 刘新刚, 郑永权. 土壤微生物对异噁草酮连续施用的响应[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(12): 64-74.

ZHANG Ying, WU Xiao-hu, LI Xiao-gang, DUAN Ting-ting, XU Jun, DONG Feng-shou, LIU Xin-gang, ZHENG Yong-quan. The Response of Soil Microbial Community to Repeated Application Clomazone[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(12): 64-74.

图/表 11

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施药天数	平均残留量（mg·kg^-1）	消解率/%
1	5.0±0.26	-
7	4.3±0.38	15.2±8.8
15	3.0±0.29	41.2±7.0
30	1.4±0.19	72.1±3.9
60	1.1±0.12	77.8±2.2
90	0.5±0.04	90.7±0.1
方程	Y=4.7843e^-0.04721t+0.5989e^-0.0014t
r²	0.9825
T_1/2	17.4

施药天数	平均残留量（mg·kg^-1）	消解率/%
1	5.0±0.26	-
7	4.3±0.38	15.2±8.8
15	3.0±0.29	41.2±7.0
30	1.4±0.19	72.1±3.9
60	1.1±0.12	77.8±2.2
90	0.5±0.04	90.7±0.1
方程	Y=4.7843e^-0.04721t+0.5989e^-0.0014t
r²	0.9825
T_1/2	17.4

样本		CK	T1
相似度阈值		0.81	0.81
节点数		390	460
连接数		674	853
经验网络	平均度	3.456	3.709
	平均路径长度	5.405	6.062
	平均聚类系数	0.244	0.228
	R²	0.937	0.919
	模块性	0.76（63）	0.75（72）
随机网络	平均积聚系数	0.018±0.005	0.024±0.005
	平均路径长度	4.178±0.059	4.028±0.052
	模块性	0.548±0.007	0.520±0.006

样本		CK	T1
相似度阈值		0.81	0.81
节点数		390	460
连接数		674	853
经验网络	平均度	3.456	3.709
	平均路径长度	5.405	6.062
	平均聚类系数	0.244	0.228
	R²	0.937	0.919
	模块性	0.76（63）	0.75（72）
随机网络	平均积聚系数	0.018±0.005	0.024±0.005
	平均路径长度	4.178±0.059	4.028±0.052
	模块性	0.548±0.007	0.520±0.006

OTUs	注释信息	角色
OTU3456	p__Gemmatimonadota;c__Gemmatimonadetes;o__Gemmatimonadales;f__Gemmatimonadaceae;g__norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae	CK-模块枢纽
OTU3639	p__Actinobacteriota;c__Actinobacteria;o__Propionibacteriales;f__Nocardioidaceae;g__Nocardioides;s__unclassified_g__Nocardioides	CK-模块枢纽
OTU3738	p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Sphingomonadales;f__Sphingomonadaceae;g__Sphingomonas;s__unclassified_g__Sphingomonas	CK-模块枢纽
OTU3739	p__Acidobacteriota;c__Vicinamibacteria;o__Vicinamibacterales;f__Vicinamibacteraceae;g__norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae	CK-模块枢纽
OTU4502	p__Mortierellomycota;c__Mortierellomycetes;o__Mortierellales;f__Mortierellaceae;g__Mortierella;s__Mortierella_alpina	CK-模块枢纽
OTU3372	p_Patescibacteria;c_Saccharimonadia;o_Saccharimonadales;f_Saccharimonadaceae;g_TM7a;s_uncultured_bacterium_g_TM7a	CK-联络者
OTU3422	p__Acidobacteriota;c__Vicinamibacteria;o__Vicinamibacterales;f__Vicinamibacteraceae;g__norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae;	CK-联络者
OTU3721	p__Patescibacteria;c__Saccharimonadia;o__Saccharimonadales;f__norank_o__Saccharimonadales;g__norank_f__norank_o__Saccharimonadales	CK-联络者
OTU2896	p_Acidobacteriota;c_Blastocatellia;o_11-24;f_norank_o__11-24	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3423	p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Rhizobiales;f__Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis;g__Bauldia;s__uncultured_Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_g__Bauldia	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3461	p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Sphingomonadales;f__Sphingomonadaceae;g__Novosphingobium	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3507	p__Chloroflexi;c__Anaerolineae;o__SBR1031;f__norank_o__SBR1031;g__norank_f__norank_o__SBR1031	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3540	p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Rhizobiales;f__Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis;g__Nordella	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3717	p__Acidobacteriota;c__Vicinamibacteria;o__Vicinamibacterales;f__Vicinamibacteraceae;g__norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3725	p__Acidobacteriota;c__Blastocatellia;c__Blastocatellia;f__Blastocatellaceae;g__norank_f__Blastocatellaceae	T1-模块枢纽
OTU3350	p_Proteobacteria;c_Alphaproteobacteria;o_Rhizobiales;f_Hyphomicrobiaceae;g_Hyphomicrobium;s_Hyphomicrobium_vulgare	T1-联络者
OTU3604	p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Xanthomonadales;f__Rhodanobacteraceae;g__Ahniella;s__uncultured_bacterium_g__Ahniella	T1-联络者
OTU3672	p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Sphingomonadales;f__Sphingomonadaceae;g__Altererythrobacter;s__unclassified_g__Altererythrobacter	T1-联络者
OTU3720	p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Dongiales;f__Dongiaceae;g__Dongia;s__unclassified_g__Dongia	T1-联络者