有益微生物菌肥对农作物的作用机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0846

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微生物肥料是一种对环境友好的新型生物肥料,可以促进植物生长,提高果实品质,改善土壤质量,通过在植物和微生物之间构建良好的联系,实现环境的可持续发展,形成“可循环经济”,从而有效促进有机农业的整体发展。就有益微生物菌肥改善土壤理化性质、促进植物生长和改善果实品质、提高植物抗逆性和抗病性等方面进行了综述,并简要介绍了微生物与植物相互作用的分子机制,对微生物菌肥在有机农业上的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 微生物菌肥, 农作物, 土壤微生物, 有机农业, 分子机制

Abstract:

Microbial fertilizer is a new type of environmentally friendly biological fertilizer,and it may promote plant growth,increase fruit quality,and improve soil quality. By building a fine connection between plants and microorganisms,the environment can be developed sustainably and “Circular economy” may be formed,which thereby effectively promotes the overall development of organic agriculture. This article reviews the roles of beneficial microbial fertilizers in improving soil physical and chemical properties,promoting plant growth and improving fruit quality,as well as increasing plant stress resistance and disease resistance. It also briefly introduces the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between microorganisms and plants. Meanwhile it prospects the application prospects in organic agriculture.

Key words: microbial fertilizer, crops, soil microorganisms, organic agriculture, molecular mechanism

武杞蔓, 张金梅, 李玥莹, 张颖. 有益微生物菌肥对农作物的作用机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(5): 221-230.

WU Qi-man, ZHANG Jin-mei, LI Yue-ying, ZHANG Ying. Recent Advances on the Mechanism of Beneficial Microbial Fertilizers in Crops[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(5): 221-230.

图/表 2

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物种 Species	菌株名称 Strain name	植物变量形态 Plant variable morphology	生理生化 Physiology and biochemistry	引用文献Citation
藜麦Quinoa	B.amyloliquefaciens	茎长↑,根长↑,干鲜质量↑		[27]
黄瓜cucumber	P.polymyxa	株高↑,茎粗↑,叶片数↑	根系活力↑,叶绿素↑,可溶性糖↑,可溶性蛋白↑,维生素C↑	[28]
黄瓜cucumber	Mix	株高↑,茎粗↑,产量↑	叶绿素↑,维生素C↑,可溶性糖↑,可溶性蛋白↑	[29]
鹰嘴豆Chickpeas	B.subtilis, B. pumilis	株高↑,茎粗↑,叶面积↑	叶绿素↑,ACC脱氨酶↑,IAA↑	[30]
番茄tomato	T.viride	根鲜重↑	叶绿素↑,VOCs生物量↑	[31]
大蒜garlic	Mix	发芽率↑,株高↑	叶绿素↑,N↑,P↑,K↑	[32]
黄瓜cucumber	C.subaffine	萌发率↑,根长↑,株高↑,茎长↑,叶面积↑,干鲜重↑	IAA↑	[33]

物种 Species	菌株名称 Strain name	植物变量形态 Plant variable morphology	生理生化 Physiology and biochemistry	引用文献Citation
藜麦Quinoa	B.amyloliquefaciens	茎长↑,根长↑,干鲜质量↑		[27]
黄瓜cucumber	P.polymyxa	株高↑,茎粗↑,叶片数↑	根系活力↑,叶绿素↑,可溶性糖↑,可溶性蛋白↑,维生素C↑	[28]
黄瓜cucumber	Mix	株高↑,茎粗↑,产量↑	叶绿素↑,维生素C↑,可溶性糖↑,可溶性蛋白↑	[29]
鹰嘴豆Chickpeas	B.subtilis, B. pumilis	株高↑,茎粗↑,叶面积↑	叶绿素↑,ACC脱氨酶↑,IAA↑	[30]
番茄tomato	T.viride	根鲜重↑	叶绿素↑,VOCs生物量↑	[31]
大蒜garlic	Mix	发芽率↑,株高↑	叶绿素↑,N↑,P↑,K↑	[32]
黄瓜cucumber	C.subaffine	萌发率↑,根长↑,株高↑,茎长↑,叶面积↑,干鲜重↑	IAA↑	[33]

胁迫 Stress	植株表现 Plant performance	菌种 Bacterium	物种 Species	植物变量形态Plant Variable morphology	生理生化 Physiology and biochemistry	基因 Gene	文献Literature
生物Biological	枯萎病（Fusarium Wilt）	B. cereus	黄瓜 Cucumber	生物量↑ （Biomass ↑）	抑菌率↑		[54]
	枯萎病（Fusarium Wilt）	B.amyloliquefaciens	番茄 Tomato		抗生素（Antibiotics）bacillomycinL,fengycins,surfactins	Sfp,ituA,fenb	[52]
	青枯病（Bacterial wilt）	B.amyloliquefaciens	番茄 Tomato	AUDPC↓,死亡率↓（AUDPC↑,Mortality ↓）	诱导SAR,ISR 产生抗生素、铁离子POD↑,PPO↑,SOD↑	PAL↑,PRLA↑,LOX↑	[55]
	纹枯病（Rhizoctonia）	B. subtilis	水稻 Rice		产生抑菌物质（Produce antibacterial substances）		[56]
	白粉病（powdery mildew）	C.subaffine	黄瓜 Cucumber	病情指数↓,控制效果↑ （Disease index↓,control effect↑）			[33]
非生物 Non-biological	干旱胁迫（Drought stress）	YX2	苹果 Apple		MDA↑,光合能力↑,叶绿素降解↓,抗氧化酶↑,相对含水量↑,相对电导率↓		[57]
	水分胁迫（Water stress）	P.putida	拟南芥 Arabidopsis		ABA↑,IAA↑,tZ↑,茎GA↑,根GA↓		[58]
	铬胁迫（Chromium stress）	P.aeruginosa	水稻 Rice		SOD↑,POD↑,CAT↑,MDA↓,O₂.^-↓,类黄酮↑,总酚↑,根系活力↑,净光合速率↑		[59]
	盐胁迫（Salt stress）	B. pumilus	甘草 Licorice	胚乳粗度↑,干重↑,胚乳长度↓（Endosperm thickness↑,dry weight↑,endosperm length↓）	MDA↓,SOD↑,POD↑,CAT↑,H₂O₂含量↓,O₂^-产生速率↓		[60]

胁迫 Stress	植株表现 Plant performance	菌种 Bacterium	物种 Species	植物变量形态Plant Variable morphology	生理生化 Physiology and biochemistry	基因 Gene	文献Literature
生物Biological	枯萎病（Fusarium Wilt）	B. cereus	黄瓜 Cucumber	生物量↑ （Biomass ↑）	抑菌率↑		[54]
	枯萎病（Fusarium Wilt）	B.amyloliquefaciens	番茄 Tomato		抗生素（Antibiotics）bacillomycinL,fengycins,surfactins	Sfp,ituA,fenb	[52]
	青枯病（Bacterial wilt）	B.amyloliquefaciens	番茄 Tomato	AUDPC↓,死亡率↓（AUDPC↑,Mortality ↓）	诱导SAR,ISR 产生抗生素、铁离子POD↑,PPO↑,SOD↑	PAL↑,PRLA↑,LOX↑	[55]
	纹枯病（Rhizoctonia）	B. subtilis	水稻 Rice		产生抑菌物质（Produce antibacterial substances）		[56]
	白粉病（powdery mildew）	C.subaffine	黄瓜 Cucumber	病情指数↓,控制效果↑ （Disease index↓,control effect↑）			[33]
非生物 Non-biological	干旱胁迫（Drought stress）	YX2	苹果 Apple		MDA↑,光合能力↑,叶绿素降解↓,抗氧化酶↑,相对含水量↑,相对电导率↓		[57]
	水分胁迫（Water stress）	P.putida	拟南芥 Arabidopsis		ABA↑,IAA↑,tZ↑,茎GA↑,根GA↓		[58]
	铬胁迫（Chromium stress）	P.aeruginosa	水稻 Rice		SOD↑,POD↑,CAT↑,MDA↓,O₂.^-↓,类黄酮↑,总酚↑,根系活力↑,净光合速率↑		[59]
	盐胁迫（Salt stress）	B. pumilus	甘草 Licorice	胚乳粗度↑,干重↑,胚乳长度↓（Endosperm thickness↑,dry weight↑,endosperm length↓）	MDA↓,SOD↑,POD↑,CAT↑,H₂O₂含量↓,O₂^-产生速率↓		[60]