生物技术通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 164-176.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0803
焦悦1(), 韩宇2, 杨桥2, 黄耀辉1, 安吉翠2, 杨亚洲2, 叶纪明1()
收稿日期:
2020-07-01
出版日期:
2021-04-26
发布日期:
2021-05-13
作者简介:
焦悦,女,博士,高级农艺师,研究方向:农业转基因生物安全评价与管理;E-mail:基金资助:
JIAO Yue1(), HAN Yu2, YANG Qiao2, HUANG Yao-hui1, AN Ji-cui2, YANG Ya-zhou2, YE Ji-ming1()
Received:
2020-07-01
Published:
2021-04-26
Online:
2021-05-13
摘要:
以国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications,ISAAA)近23年发布的《全球转基因作物商业化发展态势报告》为基础,从转基因玉米的种植面积、应用率、审批情况、研发机构等方面对全球转基因玉米商业化发展历程进行了深入的剖析和阐述;同时介绍了我国转基因玉米商业化的进展概况并进行了展望,以期为我国转基因玉米商业化发展提供政策建议。
焦悦, 韩宇, 杨桥, 黄耀辉, 安吉翠, 杨亚洲, 叶纪明. 全球转基因玉米商业化发展态势概述及启示[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(4): 164-176.
JIAO Yue, HAN Yu, YANG Qiao, HUANG Yao-hui, AN Ji-cui, YANG Ya-zhou, YE Ji-ming. Commercialization Development Trend of Genetically Modified Maize and the Enlightenment[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 164-176.
图1 全球商业化转基因玉米种植面积及应用率 数据来自ISAAA,其中1996、1999和2003年应用率数据缺失
Fig.1 Global area and application rate of commercialized GM maize The data come from ISAAA, and the application rate data for 1996, 1999 and 2003 are missing
图4 主要国家/地区审批通过转基因玉米转化体相似性 仅包含审批通过20个及以上转基因玉米转化体的国家/地区;聚类方法为系统聚类
Fig.4 Similarity of GM maize events approved by major countries/regions Only including countries/regions that have approved 20 or more GM maize events; the clustering method is hierarchical clustering
图5 转基因玉米审批通过转化体数量(按性状分) 含多个商业化性状的转化体在各类商业化性状中分别计数
Fig.5 Number of GM maize events approved (by traits) Events with multiple commercialized traits are counted separately
图7 不同时期主要商业化性状类型转基因玉米新商业化转化体数量变化趋势 1999表示时间段为1999年之前时间段,2003表示2000-2003年时间段,其它类推;同一转化体含多个商业化性状时,分别在相应商业化性状内进行统计
Fig.7 Trends in the number of the new commercialized events of GM maize with main types of traits in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to the time period from 2000 to 2003, and other analogies; when the event contains multiple commercial traits, statistics will be made in the corresponding commercial traits
图8 不同时期单商业化性状和复合商业化性状新商业化转化体数量变化趋势 1999表示时间段为1999年之前时间段,2003表示2000-2003年时间段,其它类推
Fig.8 Trends in the number of the new commercialized events with single commercial traits and the stacks in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to the time period from 2000 to 2003, and other analogies
图9 不同时期主要商业化性状类型转化体审批通过国家数量变化趋势 1999表示时间段为1999年之前时间段,2003表示2000-2003年时间段,其它类推;同一转化体含多个商业化性状时,分别在相应商业化性状内进行统计;同一转化体在同一国家通过多个审批按一个审批计算
Fig.9 Trends in the number of countries that have approved the events with major commercial traits in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to 2000-2003 time period, and other analogies; the event with multiple commercial traits will be counted in the corresponding commercialized traits; multiple approvals in the same country are counted as one approval
图10 不同时期单商业化性状和复合商业化性状转化体审批通过国家数量变化趋势 1999表示时间段为1999年之前时间段,2003表示2000-2003年时间段,其它类推;同一转化体在同一国家通过多个审批按一个审批计算
Fig.10 Changes in the number of countries that have approved the events with single commercial traits and the stacks in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to 2000-2003 time period, and other analogies; multiple approvals in the same country are counted as one approval
性状A Trait A | 性状B Trait B | 均值差值(A-B) Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差 Standard error | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
耐除草剂HT(3.9±0.3) | 抗虫IR(3.9±0.4) | -0.01 | 0.50 | 0.986 |
单商业化性状Single commercial traits(8.2±1.3) | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 | |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits(3.5±0.3) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits(2.5±0.6) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | -0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 |
表1 不同商业化性状类型转化体审批通过国家数量比较
Table 1 Comparison of the number of countries that have approved events with different commercial traits
性状A Trait A | 性状B Trait B | 均值差值(A-B) Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差 Standard error | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
耐除草剂HT(3.9±0.3) | 抗虫IR(3.9±0.4) | -0.01 | 0.50 | 0.986 |
单商业化性状Single commercial traits(8.2±1.3) | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 | |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits(3.5±0.3) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -4.68 | 0.90 | 0.000 |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits(2.5±0.6) | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | -5.67 | 1.72 | 0.001 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | -0.99 | 1.57 | 0.529 |
图11 主要研发公司转基因玉米转化体开发概况 两公司合作开发转化体分别在相应公司统计
Fig.11 Overview of the development of GM maize events by major R&D companies The events developed by the two companies are counted in the corresponding companies respectively
不同性状 Different traits | 拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | 优势公司 Advantageous company | 离散指数 Dispersion index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商业化性状类型 Type of commercial traits | 耐除草剂HT | 4 | 39 | 58 | 37 | 88 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.602 |
抗虫IR | 2 | 38 | 58 | 35 | 94 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.583 | |
品质性状改良QM | 1 | 10 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.132 | ||||
抗逆ST | 6 | 1 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.178 | ||||
杂种优势改良 HI | 2 | 4 | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 0.276 | ||||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂/ 抗虫HT/IR | 耐除草剂HT | 抗虫IR | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.452 | 0.372 | 0.389 | 0.328 | 0.374 | - | - | |
商业化性状数量 Number of commercial traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 4 | 5 | 17 | 2 | 11 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.594 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 2 | 38 | 48 | 34 | 80 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.594 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 4 | 1 | 7 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.386 | |||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 两商业化性状 Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商化业性状Stacks with two commercial traits | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.276 | 0.156 | 0.331 | 0.145 | 0.260 | - | - |
表2 主要研发公司不同性状类型转化体开发情况
Table 2 Development status of events with different traits by major R&D companies
不同性状 Different traits | 拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | 优势公司 Advantageous company | 离散指数 Dispersion index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商业化性状类型 Type of commercial traits | 耐除草剂HT | 4 | 39 | 58 | 37 | 88 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.602 |
抗虫IR | 2 | 38 | 58 | 35 | 94 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.583 | |
品质性状改良QM | 1 | 10 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.132 | ||||
抗逆ST | 6 | 1 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.178 | ||||
杂种优势改良 HI | 2 | 4 | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 0.276 | ||||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂HT | 耐除草剂/ 抗虫HT/IR | 耐除草剂HT | 抗虫IR | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.452 | 0.372 | 0.389 | 0.328 | 0.374 | - | - | |
商业化性状数量 Number of commercial traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 4 | 5 | 17 | 2 | 11 | 孟山都 Monsanto | 0.594 |
两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 2 | 38 | 48 | 34 | 80 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.594 | |
三商业化性状Stacks with three commercial traits | 4 | 1 | 7 | 先正达 Syngenta | 0.386 | |||
优势性状Advantageous traits | 单商业化性状Single commercial traits | 两商业化性状 Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商业化性状Stacks with two commercial traits | 两商化业性状Stacks with two commercial traits | - | - | |
离散指数Dispersion index | 0.276 | 0.156 | 0.331 | 0.145 | 0.260 | - | - |
拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1)IR-HT | — | — |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | — | — | 抗虫(1)IR | 抗虫—耐除草剂(9) IR-HT | — |
孟山都Monsanto | — | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(7) IR-HT | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1) IR-HT |
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | — | — | — | — | — |
先正达Syngenta | — | — | — | — | — |
表3 主要公司合作情况
Table 3 Cooperation status of major companies
拜耳作物科学 Bayer CropScience | 杜邦先锋 Dupont Pioneer | 孟山都 Monsanto | 陶氏益农 Dow Agronomy | 先正达 Syngenta | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1)IR-HT | — | — |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | — | — | 抗虫(1)IR | 抗虫—耐除草剂(9) IR-HT | — |
孟山都Monsanto | — | — | — | 抗虫—耐除草剂(7) IR-HT | 抗虫—耐除草剂(1) IR-HT |
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | — | — | — | — | — |
先正达Syngenta | — | — | — | — | — |
图12 不同时期主要研发公司新商业化转化体数量变化趋势 1999表示时间段为1999年之前时间段,2003表示2000-2003年时间段,其它类推;合作的转化体各研发公司分别统计
Fig.12 Trends in the number of newly commercialized events of major R&D companies in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to the time period from 2000 to 2003, and other analogies. Each cooperative company is counted separately
图13 不同时期主要研发公司转化体审批通过国家数量变化趋势 1999表示时间段为1999年之前时间段,2003表示2000-2003年时间段,其它类推;合作的转化体各研发公司分别统计;同一转化体在同一国家通过多个审批按一个审批计算
Fig.13 Changes in the number of countries that have approved the events which are developed by major R&D companies in different periods 1999 refers to the time period is before 1999, 2003 refers to 2000-2003 time period, and other analogies. Each cooperative company is counted separately. Multiple approvals in the same country are counted as one approval
公司A Company A | 公司B Company B | 均值差值(A-B)Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差Standard error | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
单个公司间比较 Comparison among individual companies | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience(5.0±3.0) | 杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 |
孟山都Monsanto | -0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | ||
杜邦先锋DuPont Pioneer(4.3±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 | |
孟山都Monsanto | -1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto(6.0±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | 0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 1.31 | 1.14 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy(4.6±0.9) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -1.31 | 1.15 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
先正达Syngenta(3.4±0.5) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | -0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
单个公司与公司合作间比较Comparison between the individual company and cooperation | 单个公司(4.0±0.4) | 公司间合作Cooperation between companies | -2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
公司间合作(6.7±1.4) | 单个公司Individual company | 2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
表4 主要研发公司转化体审批通过国家数目比较
Table 4 Comparison of the number of countries that have approved the events which are developed by major R&D
公司A Company A | 公司B Company B | 均值差值(A-B)Mean difference (A-B) | 标准误差Standard error | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
单个公司间比较 Comparison among individual companies | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience(5.0±3.0) | 杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 |
孟山都Monsanto | -0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | ||
杜邦先锋DuPont Pioneer(4.3±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.65 | 2.45 | 0.791 | |
孟山都Monsanto | -1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto(6.0±0.8) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | 0.96 | 2.40 | 0.690 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 1.61 | 1.09 | 0.143 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | 1.31 | 1.14 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy(4.6±0.9) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -0.35 | 2.48 | 0.887 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | 0.30 | 1.26 | 0.812 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -1.31 | 1.15 | 0.255 | ||
先正达Syngenta | 1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
先正达Syngenta(3.4±0.5) | 拜耳作物科学Bayer CropScience | -1.63 | 2.37 | 0.491 | |
杜邦先锋Dupont Pioneer | -0.98 | 1.03 | 0.341 | ||
孟山都Monsanto | -2.59 | 0.88 | 0.004 | ||
陶氏益农Dow Agronomy | -1.28 | 1.09 | 0.239 | ||
单个公司与公司合作间比较Comparison between the individual company and cooperation | 单个公司(4.0±0.4) | 公司间合作Cooperation between companies | -2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
公司间合作(6.7±1.4) | 单个公司Individual company | 2.66 | 1.45 | 0.078 |
序号No | 转化体名称Events | 首次批准时间First approval date | 研发单位Company |
---|---|---|---|
1 | MIR162 | 2014/12/11 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
2 | DAS-40278-9 | 2017/6/12 | 陶氏益农公司Dow Agronomy |
3 | MON 87427 | 2017/7/16 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
4 | 5307 | 2017/7/16 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
5 | DP4114 | 2018/12/20 | 先锋国际良种公司Pioneer |
6 | Bt11 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
7 | Bt176 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
8 | TC1507 | 2004/4/6 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
9 | T25 | 2004/4/6 | 拜耳作物科学公司Bayer Cropscience |
10 | MON810 | 2004/2/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
11 | GA21 | 2004/2/10 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
12 | NK603 | 2005/7/6 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
13 | MON863 | 2004/6/25 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
14 | MON88017 | 2007/12/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
15 | 59122 | 2006/12/20 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
16 | MIR604 | 2008/8/28 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
17 | MON89034 | 2010/12/30 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
18 | 3272 | 2013/5/21 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
19 | Bt11×GA21 | 2011/11/3 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
20 | MON87460 | 2013/5/21 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
表5 中国批准进口用作加工原料转基因玉米转化体
Table 5 The GM maize events that have been approved importing by china used as raw materials for processing
序号No | 转化体名称Events | 首次批准时间First approval date | 研发单位Company |
---|---|---|---|
1 | MIR162 | 2014/12/11 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
2 | DAS-40278-9 | 2017/6/12 | 陶氏益农公司Dow Agronomy |
3 | MON 87427 | 2017/7/16 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
4 | 5307 | 2017/7/16 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
5 | DP4114 | 2018/12/20 | 先锋国际良种公司Pioneer |
6 | Bt11 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
7 | Bt176 | 2004/4/6 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
8 | TC1507 | 2004/4/6 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
9 | T25 | 2004/4/6 | 拜耳作物科学公司Bayer Cropscience |
10 | MON810 | 2004/2/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
11 | GA21 | 2004/2/10 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
12 | NK603 | 2005/7/6 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
13 | MON863 | 2004/6/25 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
14 | MON88017 | 2007/12/20 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
15 | 59122 | 2006/12/20 | 杜邦公司/陶氏益农公司Dupont/Dow Agronomy |
16 | MIR604 | 2008/8/28 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
17 | MON89034 | 2010/12/30 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
18 | 3272 | 2013/5/21 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
19 | Bt11×GA21 | 2011/11/3 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司Syngenta |
20 | MON87460 | 2013/5/21 | 孟山都远东有限公司Monsanto |
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