水稻与稻粒黑粉病菌互作分子机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稻粒黑粉病主要危害水稻不育系花器官,在世界杂交水稻种植区广泛发生,已成为限制杂交稻制种产量的主要病害之一。研究其病原菌与寄主互作机制,可对挖掘抗稻粒黑粉病基因资源及抗病分子育种提供重要依据。本文对稻粒黑粉病菌侵染过程、致病相关基因及生物学途径、水稻响应稻粒黑粉病菌侵染等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了未来的重点研究方向。现有研究表明,稻粒黑粉病菌能够侵染柱头的外露部分引起发病。脂肪酸代谢和自噬作用是稻粒黑粉病菌成功侵染寄主的关键生物学途径;全基因组测序组装完成及候选效应蛋白的预测,为稻粒黑粉病菌致病相关基因研究奠定了基础。此外,稻粒黑粉病菌抗病不育系资源的报道,为抗病基因挖掘及抗病机制解析提供了重要的抗源材料。进一步解析稻粒黑粉病菌致病机制,利用抗病资源挖掘潜在的抗病基因,并应用于抗病分子育种是下一步研究的重点方向。

关键词: 水稻, 稻粒黑粉病菌, 互作, 致病基因, 抗病基因

Abstract:

Rice kernel smut（RKS）mainly damages rice floral organs in rice male sterile lines,and it occurs in most hybrid rice growing regions of the world,which becomes one of the main diseases to limit the seed production of hybrid rice. Studying the interaction mechanism between pathogenic bacteria and host may provide an important basis for mining gene resources of T. horrida and molecular breeding of rice with disease resistance. This review summarized the recent advances in infection processes,pathogenic related genes and biological pathways,and rice’s responses to T. horrida infection,as well as put forward future key research directions. The current studies demonstrated that the pathogen T. horrida invading the rice stigma at the earlier booting stage resulted in the disease. The lipid degradation and autophagy processes were key pathways of T. horrida successfully infecting the hosts. Genome sequencing and prediction of candidate effector proteins laid a foundation for the pathogenic genes researches of T. horrida. Furthermore,the report of sterile line resources resistant to T. horrida provided important resistant materials for gene mining and mechanism analysis. Future researches may focus on elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of T. horrida,mining the potential RKS-resistant genes using the resistance resources,and applying it in molecular breeding of resistance.

Key words: rice, Tilletia horrida, interaction, pathogenic genes, resistance genes

蒋钰琪, 舒新月, 郑爱萍, 王爱军. 水稻与稻粒黑粉病菌互作分子机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(9): 248-254.

JIANG Yu-qi, SHU Xin-yue, ZHENG Ai-ping, WANG Ai-jun. Recent Progress in Molecular Mechanism of Interaction Between Rice and Tilletia horrida[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(9): 248-254.

图/表 2

图1 水稻稻粒黑粉病症状

Fig.1 Symptom of rice kernel smut

图2 水稻稻粒黑粉病菌形态特征 A：生长3 d的菌落形态;B：生长15 d的菌落形态;C：冬孢子形态; D：次生小孢子形态;E：细胞核染色[6,23]

Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of rice T. horrida A: Colony morphology of rice kernel smut after 3 d on PSA. B: Colony morphology of rice kernel smut after 15 d on PSA. C: Winter spore morphology. D: Morphology of secondary microspores. E: single nuclear mycelium stained with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) after culture on PDA medium for 5 d, observed using a fluorescence microscope[6,23]

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