生物技术通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 32-41.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0562
• 食用菌生物技术专题(专题主编: 黄晨阳) • 上一篇 下一篇
薛帆正1(), 黄海辰1, 吴福泉1, 李晓敏1,2, 吴小平1,2, 傅俊生1,2()
收稿日期:
2021-04-27
出版日期:
2021-11-26
发布日期:
2021-12-03
作者简介:
薛帆正,女,研究方向:食用菌活性物质研究;E-mail: 基金资助:
XUE Fan-zheng1(), HUANG Hai-chen1, WU Fu-quan1, LI Xiao-min1,2, WU Xiao-ping1,2, FU Jun-sheng1,2()
Received:
2021-04-27
Published:
2021-11-26
Online:
2021-12-03
摘要:
天然黑色素是一种由生物细胞合成并分泌的多羟基吲哚或多羟基酚类聚合物,具有溶于碱而不溶于水和其他有机溶剂的特性,在各种动物、植物和微生物中广泛存在。当前研究已表明,天然真菌黑色素具有多种生物活性,其在多个领域均有广泛应用,是一种重要的生物材料与资源。本文综述了真菌黑色素的分类、结构、合成途径、理化性质及生物活性等研究现状,指出真菌黑色素在生产应用中具有极大的潜力和价值;进一步通过综合比较浸提法、超声波辅助提取法、超声波-微波辅助提取法和酶-超声波协同提取法等4种真菌黑色素制备方法,为产业上高效制取真菌黑色素提供借鉴;最后,归纳总结了近年来国内外对真菌黑色素在农业、工业、医药等产业上的开发应用现状,讨论了真菌黑色素在产业应用上的意义及存在的问题,以期为推动我国真菌黑色素产业应用与发展方向提供借鉴。
薛帆正, 黄海辰, 吴福泉, 李晓敏, 吴小平, 傅俊生. 真菌黑色素研究现状与产业应用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(11): 32-41.
XUE Fan-zheng, HUANG Hai-chen, WU Fu-quan, LI Xiao-min, WU Xiao-ping, FU Jun-sheng. Research Status and Industrial Application of Fungal Melanin[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(11): 32-41.
黑色素种类 Melanin types | 来源 Sources | 合成途径 Synthetic pathway |
---|---|---|
真黑色素 Eumelanin | 细菌、真菌、动物 Bacteria,fungi and animals | L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway |
棕黑色素 Phaeomelanin | 细菌、动物 Bacteria and animals | L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway |
异黑色素 Allomelanin | 细菌、真菌、植物 Bacteria,fungi and plants | DHN途径等 DHN pathway etc. |
表1 各类黑色素的主要来源及合成途径
Table 1 Main source and synthetic pathway of various melanin
黑色素种类 Melanin types | 来源 Sources | 合成途径 Synthetic pathway |
---|---|---|
真黑色素 Eumelanin | 细菌、真菌、动物 Bacteria,fungi and animals | L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway |
棕黑色素 Phaeomelanin | 细菌、动物 Bacteria and animals | L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway |
异黑色素 Allomelanin | 细菌、真菌、植物 Bacteria,fungi and plants | DHN途径等 DHN pathway etc. |
菌名 Fungus name | 属名 Generic name | 黑色素类别 Category of melanin |
---|---|---|
短梗霉 Aureobasidium | 短梗霉属 Aureobasidiu | 真黑色素Eumelanin[ |
桦褐孔菌 Inonotus obliquus | 孔菌属 Laetiporus | 真黑色素Eumelanin[ |
黑木耳 Auricularia auricula | 木耳属 Auricularia | 3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(DOPA)类黑色素[ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(DOPA)type of melanin[ |
辛格粒毛盘菌YM296 Synge lachnumYM296 | 粒毛盘菌属 Lachnum | 哚型棕黑色素Dole-type phaeomelanin[ |
构巢曲霉菌 Aspergillus nidulans | 曲霉属 Aspergillus | DOPA类黑色素DOPA type of melanin[ |
禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum | 镰孢菌属 Fusarium | 脱氧鸟苷黑色素Deoxyguanosine melanin[ |
双孢菌 Agaricus bacteria | 伞菌属 Agaricus | GHB-、PAP-两种异黑色素[ GHB-,PAP- two kinds of allomelanin[ |
粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus | 纤孔菌属 Inonotus | 二羟基苯丙氨酸(DOPA)类黑色素[ Dihydroxyphenylalanine(DOPA)type of melanin[ |
表2 部分真菌黑色素来源
Table 2 Part of the fungal melanin source
菌名 Fungus name | 属名 Generic name | 黑色素类别 Category of melanin |
---|---|---|
短梗霉 Aureobasidium | 短梗霉属 Aureobasidiu | 真黑色素Eumelanin[ |
桦褐孔菌 Inonotus obliquus | 孔菌属 Laetiporus | 真黑色素Eumelanin[ |
黑木耳 Auricularia auricula | 木耳属 Auricularia | 3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(DOPA)类黑色素[ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(DOPA)type of melanin[ |
辛格粒毛盘菌YM296 Synge lachnumYM296 | 粒毛盘菌属 Lachnum | 哚型棕黑色素Dole-type phaeomelanin[ |
构巢曲霉菌 Aspergillus nidulans | 曲霉属 Aspergillus | DOPA类黑色素DOPA type of melanin[ |
禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum | 镰孢菌属 Fusarium | 脱氧鸟苷黑色素Deoxyguanosine melanin[ |
双孢菌 Agaricus bacteria | 伞菌属 Agaricus | GHB-、PAP-两种异黑色素[ GHB-,PAP- two kinds of allomelanin[ |
粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus | 纤孔菌属 Inonotus | 二羟基苯丙氨酸(DOPA)类黑色素[ Dihydroxyphenylalanine(DOPA)type of melanin[ |
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