生物技术通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 32-41.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0562

• 食用菌生物技术专题(专题主编: 黄晨阳) • 上一篇    下一篇

真菌黑色素研究现状与产业应用

薛帆正1(), 黄海辰1, 吴福泉1, 李晓敏1,2, 吴小平1,2, 傅俊生1,2()   

  1. 1.福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州 350002
    2.福建农林大学菌物研究中心,福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-27 出版日期:2021-11-26 发布日期:2021-12-03
  • 作者简介:薛帆正,女,研究方向:食用菌活性物质研究;E-mail: 1341803003@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省科技计划农业引导性(重点)项目(2019N0006)

Research Status and Industrial Application of Fungal Melanin

XUE Fan-zheng1(), HUANG Hai-chen1, WU Fu-quan1, LI Xiao-min1,2, WU Xiao-ping1,2, FU Jun-sheng1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002
    2. Mycological Research Center,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2021-04-27 Published:2021-11-26 Online:2021-12-03

摘要:

天然黑色素是一种由生物细胞合成并分泌的多羟基吲哚或多羟基酚类聚合物,具有溶于碱而不溶于水和其他有机溶剂的特性,在各种动物、植物和微生物中广泛存在。当前研究已表明,天然真菌黑色素具有多种生物活性,其在多个领域均有广泛应用,是一种重要的生物材料与资源。本文综述了真菌黑色素的分类、结构、合成途径、理化性质及生物活性等研究现状,指出真菌黑色素在生产应用中具有极大的潜力和价值;进一步通过综合比较浸提法、超声波辅助提取法、超声波-微波辅助提取法和酶-超声波协同提取法等4种真菌黑色素制备方法,为产业上高效制取真菌黑色素提供借鉴;最后,归纳总结了近年来国内外对真菌黑色素在农业、工业、医药等产业上的开发应用现状,讨论了真菌黑色素在产业应用上的意义及存在的问题,以期为推动我国真菌黑色素产业应用与发展方向提供借鉴。

关键词: 真菌黑色素, 种类, 来源, 黑色素提取, 生物活性, 应用

Abstract:

Natural melanin is a polyhydroxyindole or polyhydroxyphenol polymer synthesized and secreted by biological cells,which is soluble in alkali but insoluble in water and other organic solvents,and is widely found in various animals,plants and microorganisms. Current researches have shown that there are a variety of biological activities in natural fungal melanin,and it is an important biological material and resource with a wide range of applications in many fields. This paper reviews the current status of research on the classification,structure,synthesis pathway,physicochemical properties and biological activities of fungal melanin,and points out that fungal melanin has great potential and value in production applications. Furthermore,by comprehensively comparing four fungal melanin preparation methods,including extraction by leaching,ultrasonic-assisted extraction,ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction and enzyme-ultrasonic synergistic extraction,a reference for the efficient production of fungal melanin is provided. Finally,it summarizes the current situation of the development and application of fungal melanin in agriculture,industry,medicine and other industries at home and abroad in recent years,and discusses the significance and issues of fungal melanin in industrial application. This paper provides reference for promoting the application and development direction of fungal melanin industry in China.

Key words: fungal melanin, species, source, melanin extraction, biological activity, application