组蛋白变体在植物表观遗传调控中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0071

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

染色质的基本组成单元核小体由DNA和组蛋白构成,并作为遗传和表观遗传信息的载体参与调控生命活动。同一组蛋白家族中不同序列和表达模式的成员形成组蛋白变体,在特定分子伴侣的辅助下参与染色质组装。组蛋白变体的装配能够影响核小体的性质和染色质活性。植物中的研究表明,组蛋白变体在染色质结构和表观遗传信息的维持、DNA损伤修复、转录调控等生物学过程中均发挥重要作用,从而调控植物发育和环境响应。本文综述植物组蛋白变体的染色质定位、分子伴侣和生物学功能,并展望植物组蛋白变体研究中的一些未来发展方向,以期为更深入研究组蛋白变体介导的表观遗传调控提供参考。

关键词: 组蛋白变体, 植物, 表观遗传, 染色质调控

Abstract:

The basic subunit of chromatin is nucleosome that consists of DNA and histone proteins,and it serves as a carrier of genetic and epigenetic information in regulating life activities. Histone variants are related isoforms in the same histone family. In addition to their sequence divergence,their chromatin assembly is done under specific molecular chaperones. The incorporation of histone variants into nucleosomes generates profound impacts on nucleosome property and chromatin activity. Growing studies in plants support a pivotal role of histone variants in chromatin regulation including chromatin structure and maintenance of the epigenetic information,DNA damage repair and transcription regulation,which subsequently impact plant development and environmental response. Here we summarize recent progress on the chromatin locations of plant histone variants,molecular chaperons and their biological functions,and we propose a few new directions for the study of plant histone variants,aiming to provide a reference for deeply studying the histone variant-mediated epigenetic regulation.

Key words: histone variants, plant, epigenetics, chromatin regulation

薛满德, 赵峰月, 李洁, 姜丹华. 组蛋白变体在植物表观遗传调控中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(7): 1-12.

XUE Man-de, ZHAO Feng-yue, LI Jie, JIANG Dan-hua. Advances in Histone Variants in Plant Epigenetic Regulation[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(7): 1-12.

图/表 2

图1 组蛋白变体在拟南芥染色质和基因上的定位 TSS：Transcription start site,转录起始位点. TTS：Transcription termination site,转录终止位点

Fig. 1 Chromosome and genic distributions of histone variants in A. thaliana

图2 H2A.Z在拟南芥光温调控中的作用光照条件下,SWR1复合体通过与转录因子和光受体互作,在生长素和细胞伸长相关基因上组装H2A.Z,抑制这些基因的表达以促进光形态建成。在低红光/远红光或环境高温条件下,INO80复合体与PIF蛋白互作,去除它们靶基因上的H2A.Z以激活基因表达,促进庇荫反应或热形态建成

Fig. 2 Role of H2A.Z in photomorphogenesis,shade avo-idance and thermomorphogenesis of A. thaliana Under light conditions,the SWR1 complex interacts with transcription factors and photoreceptors,and deposits H2A.Z at auxin and cell elongation-related genes to repress their expression,resulting in photomorphogenesis. Under low R：FR light or high ambient temperature condition,the INO80 complex interacts with PIF proteins and mediates H2A.Z eviction and transcription activation at their targets,leading to shade avoidance response or thermomorphogenesis respectively

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