辐射诱变技术在木本植物育种中的应用及展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辐射诱变在植物新品种选育和遗传改良方面发挥着重要作用，为了能让育种者迅速准确地了解辐射诱变在木本植物上的研究和应用情况，基于CNKI数据库及国际原子能机构官网，对2000年后公开发表的木本植物辐射诱变相关文献及公布的辐射突变品种进行统计分析。从辐射诱变机理、辐射效率影响因素、突变体鉴定及分离、辐射育种成果等方面进行了全面梳理。结果表明，目前辐射诱变机理尚不清楚，影响辐射效率的关键因素为适宜辐照剂量，其次要关注辐射材料的敏感差异性，鉴定突变体的方法有表型、生理生化、细胞学及分子标记，组合使用结果更准确。总体上木本植物辐射育成品种数量不多，并且有逐渐下降的趋势。该文综述了木本植物辐射育种研究进展，对辐射诱变存在的难题诸如诱变效率低、突变方向不易控制、突变体鉴定方法不完善等给出相应解决方案，并对今后辐射育种研究方向进行了展望，旨在为植物辐射育种研究及应用提供借鉴和新思路。

关键词: 辐射诱变, 木本植物, 育种, 突变, 诱变机理

Abstract:

Radiation mutagenesis plays an important role in the selection and genetic improvement of new plant varieties. In order to provide breeders with a rapid and accurate picture of the research and application of radiation mutagenesis on woody plants, based on the CNKI database and the official website of the International Atomic Energy Agency, a statistical analysis of the published literature related to radiation mutagenesis in woody plants after 2000 and the released radiation mutant species were carried out. A comprehensive review was sorted out from the aspects of radiation mutagenesis mechanism, factors affecting radiation efficiency, mutant identification and isolation, radiation breeding achievements in this field. The result shows that the mechanism of radiation mutagenesis is still unclear, the key factor affecting radiation efficiency is the appropriate irradiation dose, followed by attention to the sensitive variability of the irradiated material, and mutant identification methods are phenotypic, physiological-biochemical, cytological and molecular markers, which are used in combination for more accurate results. Overall, the number of radiation-breeding woody plant varieties is small and tends to decline gradually. The progress of radiation breeding research in woody plants is reviewed, and solutions to the problems of radiation mutagenesis, such as low mutagenesis efficiency, poor control of mutation direction and imperfect mutant identification methods, are given, and the future directions of radiation breeding research are also prospected, aiming to provide reference and new ideas for plant radiation breeding research and application.

Key words: radiation mutagenesis, woody plants, breeding, mutations, mutagenesis mechanism

李玉岭, 毛欣, 张元帅, 董元夫, 刘翠兰, 段春华, 毛秀红. 辐射诱变技术在木本植物育种中的应用及展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(6): 12-30.

LI Yu-ling, MAO Xin, ZHANG Yuan-shuai, DONG Yuan-fu, LIU Cui-lan, DUAN Chun-hua, MAO Xiu-hong. Applications and Perspectives of Radiation Mutagenesis in Woody Plant Breeding[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 12-30.

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类别Category	植物名Plant name	诱变源 Mutagenic source	辐射材料Radiating materials	辐射剂量 Radiation dose	形态Morphology	发育Development	生理生化Physiology & Biochemistry	细胞学Cytology	分子鉴定Molecular identification	参考文献Reference
林木 Forest	威灵仙Clematis chinensis	¹³⁷Cs-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=109.5 Gy，适宜剂量（Appropriate dose range）50-109.5 Gy	+	+	+			[18]
	秀丽槭Acer elegantulum Fang	¹³⁷Cs-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=100 Gy	+	+				[19]
	海滨木槿Hibiscus hamabo	电子束 Electron beam	种子 Seed	适宜剂量（Appropriate dose range of dry seeds）195.18-292.76 Gy	+	+				[20]
	元宝枫 Acer truncatum	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀≈200 Gy	+	+				[21]
	胡杨Populus euphratica	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	提高耐盐性能的最适辐射剂量是150 Gy（150 Gy was the optimal dose for improving the tolerance to the NaCl stress）		+				[22]
	洋紫荆 Bauhinia variegate	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=358 Gy	+	+	+	+		[23]
	‘火焰’茶条槭 Acer ginnala ‘Flame’	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	休眠种子（Dormant seed）LD₅₀=51.98 Gy，萌动种子（Germinating seed）LD₅₀=95.14 Gy	+	+	+			[24]
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=40-60 Gy，致死剂量为80 Gy（80 Gy was a lethal dose）	+	+				[25]
	卷荚相思 Acacia cincinnata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=965 Gy，适宜剂量为（The suitable doses）637-1 129 Gy	+	+	+			[26]
	黄金茶Golden tea	⁶⁰Co-γ	插穗 Cutting seeding	适宜的辐射剂量（The suitable radiation dose）2-4 Gy	+	+				[27]
	高州油茶Camellia gauchowensis	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	10-80 Gy内均能促进光合作用（Irradiation at 10-80 Gy could promote the photosynthesis）	+		+			[28]
	思茅松 Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜剂量100-110 Gy（千粒重>10 g），80-90 Gy适宜（千粒重<10 g）（The appropriate dose was 100-110 Gy（TKW>10 g）, and the suitable dose was 80-90 Gy（TKW<10 g））	+	+				[29]
	油茶 Camellia oleifera	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	-	+	+				[30]
	枳 Poncirus trifoliate	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=120 Gy	+	+	+		+	[31]
	清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy	+	+				[32]
	白刺花 Sophora Viciifolia	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜辐照剂量（The suitable radiation dose）700-1 051 Gy	+	+	+			[33]
	广宁红花油茶 Camellia semiserrata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=47 Gy	+	+				[34]
	枸杞 Lycium barbarum	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	-	+	+			+	[35]
	白榆 Ulmus pumila	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy	+	+	+			[36]
	华山松南方种源Pinus armandii Franch.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀≈70 Gy	+	+				[37]
	黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge	⁶⁰Co-γ、²⁰Ne、¹⁴N	种子 Seed	⁶⁰Co-γ适宜的辐射剂量（The suitable radiation dose of ⁶⁰Co-γ is 200 Gy）	+	+			+	[38]
	花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=40 Gy	+	+				[39]
	黑杨派杨树 Poplar cultivars of Sect. Aigeiros	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed、枝Branch	杨树种子（Poplar seed）LD₅₀=150-200 Gy。枝条（Branch）LD₅₀=10-40 Gy	+	+	+		+	[12]
	水蜡 Ligustrum obtusifolium S. Et Z.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	保证出苗的LD₅₀=45 Gy，最大剂量不超200 Gy（LD₅₀=45 Gy for seedling emergence is guaranteed, and the maximum dose does not exceed 200 Gy）	+	+	+		+	[40]
	椿树 Ailanthus altissima Swingle	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy，适宜辐射剂量（The suitable radiation dose）50-75 Gy	+	+				[41]
	小油桐 Jatropha curcas	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	3个种源的LD₅₀分别为178 Gy（广东）、132 Gy（海南）、198 Gy（印度）（LD₅₀ doses for these seeds were 178 Gy（Guangdong）,132 Gy（Hainan）and 198 Gy（India）, respectively）	+	+				[42]
	木槿 Hibiscus syriacus	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	促进变异的适宜剂量（Recommend for mutagenesis）100-200 Gy	+	+				[43]
	五味子Schisandra chinensis（Turcz）Baill	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=10 Gy	+	+				[44]
	美丽胡枝子 Lespedeza frutico（Vog.）Koehne	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=203.9 Gy，适宜辐照剂量（The suitable radiation dose）203.9-400 Gy	+	+				[45]
	杨树 Populus	⁶⁰Co-γ	愈伤组织 Callus	LD₅₀≈30 Gy	+	+				[46]
	槭叶苹婆 Brachychiton acerifolius	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=35 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable dose） 26-39 Gy	+	+				[47]
	白桦 Betula platyphylla Suk.	⁶⁰Co-γ	愈伤组织Callus	LD₅₀=20 Gy		+		+	+	[48]
	紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticose	⁶⁰Co-γ	丛生芽、种子 Cluster buds and seed	丛生芽最佳辐射剂量20 Gy，种子适宜辐射剂量400-500 Gy（The best radiation dose of cluster buds was 20 Gy. The suitable radiation dose of seeds is 400-500 Gy）	+	+	+	+		[49]
	悬铃木Platanus acerifolia Willd.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable dose）50-200 Gy	+	+				[50]
	泡桐Paulowinia fortune（seem.）Hemsl.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种根 Root	适宜剂量（The suitable dose）10-30 Gy，致死剂量（Lethal dose）60 Gy	+	+				[51]
	华山松 Pinus armandii Franch.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	适宜剂量（The suitable dose）20 Gy	+	+				[52]
	玉兰 Magnolia denudata	γ射线ray	愈伤组织Callus	-	+	+				[53]
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	干种子适宜剂量44 Gy，湿种子4.4 Gy为宜（The optimal dose for dry seeds is 44 Gy, and 4.4 Gy for wet seeds）	+					[54]
果树 Fruit tree	猕猴桃 Kiwifruit	高能碳离子束 High energy carbon ion beams	种子 Seed	辐射最佳剂量（The optimal radiation dose）40-100 Gy		+				[55]
	无花果 Ficus carica	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	硬枝插条适宜辐射剂量为40-80 Gy，绿枝插条适宜剂量为50-100 Gy The suitable radiation dose of hardwood cuttings is 40-80 Gy, and that of young shoot cuttings is 50-100 Gy		+				[56]
	板栗 Castanea mollissima Bl.	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	LD₅₀=20.26 Gy	+	+	+			[57]
	火龙果 Pitaya	⁶⁰Co-γ	无菌苗Seeding	辐照适宜剂量（The suitable dose）38.5-42.4 Gy		+	+			[58]
	富士苹果Malus pumila Mill.	⁶⁰Co-γ	嫩枝 Twig	LD₅₀=30 Gy	+	+			+	[59]
	澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	4个品种枝条的LD₅₀分别为 19.68、18.23、18.04和 10.81 Gy The LD₅₀ of branches of the four cultivars were 19.68, 18.23, 18.04 and 10.81 Gy, respectively	+	+				[60]
	嘎啦苹果 Gala apple	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	LD₅₀=60 Gy	+	+				[61]
	刺梨 Rosa roxburghii Tratt.	⁶⁰Co-γ	幼苗Seeding	适宜剂量（The suitable dose）15-20 Gy	+	+	+		+	[62]
	越橘 Blueberry	⁶⁰Co-γ	组培苗Tissue culture seedling	-	+	+				[63]
	猕猴桃 Kiwifruit	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	-		+			+	[64]
	葡萄 Vitis vinifera Linn.	¹³⁷Cs-γ	种子Seed	适宜辐射剂量（The suitable dose）20-40 Gy	+	+	+			[65]
	澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	4个品种的适宜剂量范围300-700 Gy The suitable dose range for four varieties were 300-700 Gy	+	+				[66]
	澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	花粉 Pollen	2个品种的致死剂量均为 600 Gy, 半致死剂量分别为480 Gy和360 Gy The lethal dose of the two cultivars were 600 Gy, and the semi-lethal dose was 480 Gy and 360 Gy, respectively	+	+				[67]
	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	果实品质提升最佳的辐射剂量为40 Gy The optimal radiation dose for fruit quality improvement was 40 Gy	+	+	+		+	[68]
	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	最佳剂量30 Gy，利于新品种的选育The optimal dose was 30 Gy, which was beneficial to breeding of new varieties	+	+	+			[69]
	龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	50 Gy时种子萌发率和出苗率最高The germination rate and emergence rate of 50 Gy seeds were the highest		+				[70]
	枣 Ziziphus jujuba Mill	等离子体（氮，氩）Plasma（N, Ar）	接穗 Scion	最适剂量（The suitable dose）（6×10¹⁶-8×10¹⁶）/cm²	+	+				[71]
	金帅和嘎啦苹果 Golden and Gala apple	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	适宜剂量（The suitable doses）40-80 Gy	+	+				[72]
	葡萄 Vitis vinifera Linn.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=33 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable doses）20-50 Gy	+	+	+			[73]
	猕猴桃Kiwifruit	⁶⁰Co-γ	幼芽Bud	适宜剂量（The suitable doses）25-50 Gy	+		+			[74]
	猕猴桃Kiwifruit	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	3个品种LD₅₀范围为50.6-71.7 Gy The LD₅₀ range of the three varieties were 50.6-71.7 Gy		+				[75]
	库尔勒香梨Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	20 Gy促进枝长和枝粗生长，30 Gy以上对枝条有矮化作用20 Gy promoted the growth of branch length and branch diameter, and 30 Gy had dwarfing effect on branches	+	+				[76]
	李 Prunus salicina Linn.	⁶⁰Co-γ	花粉Pollen	-		+				[77]
	澳洲坚果 Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	-	+	+				[78]
	黑莓 Blackberry	⁶⁰Co-γ	组培苗Tissue culture seedling	LD₅₀=80.88 Gy	+	+	+			[79]
	砀山酥梨 Pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	40 Gy变异率最高（The mutation rate of 40 Gy was the highest	+	+			+	[80]
	柑橘Citrus	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	适宜的剂量（The suitable doses）45 Gy	+	+			+	[81]
	枇杷 Loquat	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	适宜剂量24.0 Gy The suitable doses were 24 Gy	+		+			[82]
	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	-	+	+				[83]
	沙田柚 Citrus maxima（Burm.）Merr. cv. Shatian Yu	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	LD₅₀=70 Gy	+	+	+	+		[84]
木本花卉Woody ornamental plants	栀子 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	LD₅₀=81.65 Gy, 半生根剂量（Half rooting dose）=21.22 Gy, 半成株剂量（Half planting dose）=20.30 Gy	+	+				[85]
	桂花 Osmanthus fragrans（Thunb.）Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	‘潢川金桂’适宜剂量（The suitable dosage for ‘huangchuan Jingui’）135-155 Gy，‘籽银桂’（‘Zi Yingui’）80-100 Gy	+	+	+			[86]
	桂花 Osmanthus fragrans（Thunb.）Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	金桂与银桂种子LD₅₀分别为123.807, 118.381 Gy The LD₅₀ of Gold cinnamon and Silver Cinnamon were 123.807 and 118.381 Gy,respectively	+	+				[87]
	桂花 Osmanthus fragrans（Thunb.）Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	建议辐射剂量控制在100 Gy The recommended radiation dose is 100 Gy		+				[88]
	紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=172.42 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable dose）120-220 Gy	+	+				[89]
	鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae Franch	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜辐照剂量为（The suitable dose）140-163 Gy		+	+			[90]
	腊梅 Chimonanthus praecox（L.）Link	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜辐射剂量为（The suitable dose）150 Gy	+	+				[91]
	观赏桃 Ornamental peach	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	菊花桃适宜辐射剂量20-40 Gy（The suitable radiation dose of chrysanthemum peach is 20-40 Gy）	+	+				[92]
	观赏海棠 Ornamental crabapple	⁶⁰Co-γ	组培苗Tissue culture seedling	LD₅₀=45.5 Gy, 适宜的剂量（The suitable dose）30 Gy	+	+				[93]
	栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	剂量率（Dose rate）3.5 Gy/min，适宜剂量（The suitable dose）20 Gy	+	+				[94]
	观赏海棠 Ornamental crabapple	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	-	+	+				[95]
	梅花 Mei flower	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	‘粉皮宫粉’（‘FenpiGongfen’）LD₅₀=40 Gy，适宜剂量（The appropriate dose）10-40 Gy, ‘米单绿’（‘Midan Lv’）LD₅₀=50-70 Gy，适宜剂量（the appropriate dose）10-50 Gy	+	+	+		+	[96]
	紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=184.94 Gy	+	+				[97]

类别Category	植物名Plant name	诱变源 Mutagenic source	辐射材料Radiating materials	辐射剂量 Radiation dose	形态Morphology	发育Development	生理生化Physiology & Biochemistry	细胞学Cytology	分子鉴定Molecular identification	参考文献Reference
林木 Forest	威灵仙Clematis chinensis	¹³⁷Cs-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=109.5 Gy，适宜剂量（Appropriate dose range）50-109.5 Gy	+	+	+			[18]
	秀丽槭Acer elegantulum Fang	¹³⁷Cs-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=100 Gy	+	+				[19]
	海滨木槿Hibiscus hamabo	电子束 Electron beam	种子 Seed	适宜剂量（Appropriate dose range of dry seeds）195.18-292.76 Gy	+	+				[20]
	元宝枫 Acer truncatum	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀≈200 Gy	+	+				[21]
	胡杨Populus euphratica	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	提高耐盐性能的最适辐射剂量是150 Gy（150 Gy was the optimal dose for improving the tolerance to the NaCl stress）		+				[22]
	洋紫荆 Bauhinia variegate	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=358 Gy	+	+	+	+		[23]
	‘火焰’茶条槭 Acer ginnala ‘Flame’	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	休眠种子（Dormant seed）LD₅₀=51.98 Gy，萌动种子（Germinating seed）LD₅₀=95.14 Gy	+	+	+			[24]
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=40-60 Gy，致死剂量为80 Gy（80 Gy was a lethal dose）	+	+				[25]
	卷荚相思 Acacia cincinnata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=965 Gy，适宜剂量为（The suitable doses）637-1 129 Gy	+	+	+			[26]
	黄金茶Golden tea	⁶⁰Co-γ	插穗 Cutting seeding	适宜的辐射剂量（The suitable radiation dose）2-4 Gy	+	+				[27]
	高州油茶Camellia gauchowensis	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	10-80 Gy内均能促进光合作用（Irradiation at 10-80 Gy could promote the photosynthesis）	+		+			[28]
	思茅松 Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜剂量100-110 Gy（千粒重>10 g），80-90 Gy适宜（千粒重<10 g）（The appropriate dose was 100-110 Gy（TKW>10 g）, and the suitable dose was 80-90 Gy（TKW<10 g））	+	+				[29]
	油茶 Camellia oleifera	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	-	+	+				[30]
	枳 Poncirus trifoliate	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=120 Gy	+	+	+		+	[31]
	清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy	+	+				[32]
	白刺花 Sophora Viciifolia	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜辐照剂量（The suitable radiation dose）700-1 051 Gy	+	+	+			[33]
	广宁红花油茶 Camellia semiserrata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=47 Gy	+	+				[34]
	枸杞 Lycium barbarum	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	-	+	+			+	[35]
	白榆 Ulmus pumila	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy	+	+	+			[36]
	华山松南方种源Pinus armandii Franch.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀≈70 Gy	+	+				[37]
	黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge	⁶⁰Co-γ、²⁰Ne、¹⁴N	种子 Seed	⁶⁰Co-γ适宜的辐射剂量（The suitable radiation dose of ⁶⁰Co-γ is 200 Gy）	+	+			+	[38]
	花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=40 Gy	+	+				[39]
	黑杨派杨树 Poplar cultivars of Sect. Aigeiros	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed、枝Branch	杨树种子（Poplar seed）LD₅₀=150-200 Gy。枝条（Branch）LD₅₀=10-40 Gy	+	+	+		+	[12]
	水蜡 Ligustrum obtusifolium S. Et Z.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	保证出苗的LD₅₀=45 Gy，最大剂量不超200 Gy（LD₅₀=45 Gy for seedling emergence is guaranteed, and the maximum dose does not exceed 200 Gy）	+	+	+		+	[40]
	椿树 Ailanthus altissima Swingle	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy，适宜辐射剂量（The suitable radiation dose）50-75 Gy	+	+				[41]
	小油桐 Jatropha curcas	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	3个种源的LD₅₀分别为178 Gy（广东）、132 Gy（海南）、198 Gy（印度）（LD₅₀ doses for these seeds were 178 Gy（Guangdong）,132 Gy（Hainan）and 198 Gy（India）, respectively）	+	+				[42]
	木槿 Hibiscus syriacus	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	促进变异的适宜剂量（Recommend for mutagenesis）100-200 Gy	+	+				[43]
	五味子Schisandra chinensis（Turcz）Baill	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=10 Gy	+	+				[44]
	美丽胡枝子 Lespedeza frutico（Vog.）Koehne	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=203.9 Gy，适宜辐照剂量（The suitable radiation dose）203.9-400 Gy	+	+				[45]
	杨树 Populus	⁶⁰Co-γ	愈伤组织 Callus	LD₅₀≈30 Gy	+	+				[46]
	槭叶苹婆 Brachychiton acerifolius	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=35 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable dose） 26-39 Gy	+	+				[47]
	白桦 Betula platyphylla Suk.	⁶⁰Co-γ	愈伤组织Callus	LD₅₀=20 Gy		+		+	+	[48]
	紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticose	⁶⁰Co-γ	丛生芽、种子 Cluster buds and seed	丛生芽最佳辐射剂量20 Gy，种子适宜辐射剂量400-500 Gy（The best radiation dose of cluster buds was 20 Gy. The suitable radiation dose of seeds is 400-500 Gy）	+	+	+	+		[49]
	悬铃木Platanus acerifolia Willd.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=50 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable dose）50-200 Gy	+	+				[50]
	泡桐Paulowinia fortune（seem.）Hemsl.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种根 Root	适宜剂量（The suitable dose）10-30 Gy，致死剂量（Lethal dose）60 Gy	+	+				[51]
	华山松 Pinus armandii Franch.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	适宜剂量（The suitable dose）20 Gy	+	+				[52]
	玉兰 Magnolia denudata	γ射线ray	愈伤组织Callus	-	+	+				[53]
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	干种子适宜剂量44 Gy，湿种子4.4 Gy为宜（The optimal dose for dry seeds is 44 Gy, and 4.4 Gy for wet seeds）	+					[54]
果树 Fruit tree	猕猴桃 Kiwifruit	高能碳离子束 High energy carbon ion beams	种子 Seed	辐射最佳剂量（The optimal radiation dose）40-100 Gy		+				[55]
	无花果 Ficus carica	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	硬枝插条适宜辐射剂量为40-80 Gy，绿枝插条适宜剂量为50-100 Gy The suitable radiation dose of hardwood cuttings is 40-80 Gy, and that of young shoot cuttings is 50-100 Gy		+				[56]
	板栗 Castanea mollissima Bl.	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	LD₅₀=20.26 Gy	+	+	+			[57]
	火龙果 Pitaya	⁶⁰Co-γ	无菌苗Seeding	辐照适宜剂量（The suitable dose）38.5-42.4 Gy		+	+			[58]
	富士苹果Malus pumila Mill.	⁶⁰Co-γ	嫩枝 Twig	LD₅₀=30 Gy	+	+			+	[59]
	澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	4个品种枝条的LD₅₀分别为 19.68、18.23、18.04和 10.81 Gy The LD₅₀ of branches of the four cultivars were 19.68, 18.23, 18.04 and 10.81 Gy, respectively	+	+				[60]
	嘎啦苹果 Gala apple	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	LD₅₀=60 Gy	+	+				[61]
	刺梨 Rosa roxburghii Tratt.	⁶⁰Co-γ	幼苗Seeding	适宜剂量（The suitable dose）15-20 Gy	+	+	+		+	[62]
	越橘 Blueberry	⁶⁰Co-γ	组培苗Tissue culture seedling	-	+	+				[63]
	猕猴桃 Kiwifruit	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	-		+			+	[64]
	葡萄 Vitis vinifera Linn.	¹³⁷Cs-γ	种子Seed	适宜辐射剂量（The suitable dose）20-40 Gy	+	+	+			[65]
	澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	4个品种的适宜剂量范围300-700 Gy The suitable dose range for four varieties were 300-700 Gy	+	+				[66]
	澳洲坚果Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	花粉 Pollen	2个品种的致死剂量均为 600 Gy, 半致死剂量分别为480 Gy和360 Gy The lethal dose of the two cultivars were 600 Gy, and the semi-lethal dose was 480 Gy and 360 Gy, respectively	+	+				[67]
	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	果实品质提升最佳的辐射剂量为40 Gy The optimal radiation dose for fruit quality improvement was 40 Gy	+	+	+		+	[68]
	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	最佳剂量30 Gy，利于新品种的选育The optimal dose was 30 Gy, which was beneficial to breeding of new varieties	+	+	+			[69]
	龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	50 Gy时种子萌发率和出苗率最高The germination rate and emergence rate of 50 Gy seeds were the highest		+				[70]
	枣 Ziziphus jujuba Mill	等离子体（氮，氩）Plasma（N, Ar）	接穗 Scion	最适剂量（The suitable dose）（6×10¹⁶-8×10¹⁶）/cm²	+	+				[71]
	金帅和嘎啦苹果 Golden and Gala apple	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	适宜剂量（The suitable doses）40-80 Gy	+	+				[72]
	葡萄 Vitis vinifera Linn.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=33 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable doses）20-50 Gy	+	+	+			[73]
	猕猴桃Kiwifruit	⁶⁰Co-γ	幼芽Bud	适宜剂量（The suitable doses）25-50 Gy	+		+			[74]
	猕猴桃Kiwifruit	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	3个品种LD₅₀范围为50.6-71.7 Gy The LD₅₀ range of the three varieties were 50.6-71.7 Gy		+				[75]
	库尔勒香梨Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	20 Gy促进枝长和枝粗生长，30 Gy以上对枝条有矮化作用20 Gy promoted the growth of branch length and branch diameter, and 30 Gy had dwarfing effect on branches	+	+				[76]
	李 Prunus salicina Linn.	⁶⁰Co-γ	花粉Pollen	-		+				[77]
	澳洲坚果 Macadamia spp.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	-	+	+				[78]
	黑莓 Blackberry	⁶⁰Co-γ	组培苗Tissue culture seedling	LD₅₀=80.88 Gy	+	+	+			[79]
	砀山酥梨 Pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	40 Gy变异率最高（The mutation rate of 40 Gy was the highest	+	+			+	[80]
	柑橘Citrus	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	适宜的剂量（The suitable doses）45 Gy	+	+			+	[81]
	枇杷 Loquat	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	适宜剂量24.0 Gy The suitable doses were 24 Gy	+		+			[82]
	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant pear	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	-	+	+				[83]
	沙田柚 Citrus maxima（Burm.）Merr. cv. Shatian Yu	⁶⁰Co-γ	接穗Scion	LD₅₀=70 Gy	+	+	+	+		[84]
木本花卉Woody ornamental plants	栀子 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	LD₅₀=81.65 Gy, 半生根剂量（Half rooting dose）=21.22 Gy, 半成株剂量（Half planting dose）=20.30 Gy	+	+				[85]
	桂花 Osmanthus fragrans（Thunb.）Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	‘潢川金桂’适宜剂量（The suitable dosage for ‘huangchuan Jingui’）135-155 Gy，‘籽银桂’（‘Zi Yingui’）80-100 Gy	+	+	+			[86]
	桂花 Osmanthus fragrans（Thunb.）Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	金桂与银桂种子LD₅₀分别为123.807, 118.381 Gy The LD₅₀ of Gold cinnamon and Silver Cinnamon were 123.807 and 118.381 Gy,respectively	+	+				[87]
	桂花 Osmanthus fragrans（Thunb.）Lour.	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	建议辐射剂量控制在100 Gy The recommended radiation dose is 100 Gy		+				[88]
	紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	LD₅₀=172.42 Gy，适宜剂量（The suitable dose）120-220 Gy	+	+				[89]
	鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae Franch	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜辐照剂量为（The suitable dose）140-163 Gy		+	+			[90]
	腊梅 Chimonanthus praecox（L.）Link	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子 Seed	适宜辐射剂量为（The suitable dose）150 Gy	+	+				[91]
	观赏桃 Ornamental peach	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条 Branch	菊花桃适宜辐射剂量20-40 Gy（The suitable radiation dose of chrysanthemum peach is 20-40 Gy）	+	+				[92]
	观赏海棠 Ornamental crabapple	⁶⁰Co-γ	组培苗Tissue culture seedling	LD₅₀=45.5 Gy, 适宜的剂量（The suitable dose）30 Gy	+	+				[93]
	栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	剂量率（Dose rate）3.5 Gy/min，适宜剂量（The suitable dose）20 Gy	+	+				[94]
	观赏海棠 Ornamental crabapple	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	-	+	+				[95]
	梅花 Mei flower	⁶⁰Co-γ	枝条Branch	‘粉皮宫粉’（‘FenpiGongfen’）LD₅₀=40 Gy，适宜剂量（The appropriate dose）10-40 Gy, ‘米单绿’（‘Midan Lv’）LD₅₀=50-70 Gy，适宜剂量（the appropriate dose）10-50 Gy	+	+	+		+	[96]
	紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	⁶⁰Co-γ	种子Seed	LD₅₀=184.94 Gy	+	+				[97]