遮荫对云曼红豆杉活性成分10-DAB及矿质营养累积的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0353

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光照是植物生长的必要环境因子，揭示不同遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木活性成分10-DAB、矿质营养累积和光合作用的影响，为云曼红豆杉林下综合利用和林-草复合生态系统的构建提供科学依据。以2年生云曼红豆杉实生苗为材料，设置5种光强条件，阐明云曼红豆杉对不同光照环境的响应策略。结果表明，遮荫对云曼红豆杉苗木各生长时期10-DAB累积具有显著影响（P < 0.05），10-DAB产量在4-10月呈上升趋势，10月达到最大值；随着遮荫的增强，各部位矿质元素的累积量均呈先增加再降低的趋势，其中，N和P在75%遮荫处理下最高，含量大小依次为叶>根>茎，K在50%遮荫处理下最高，含量大小依次为叶>茎>根；遮荫可以显著提高云曼红豆杉光合色素含量（P < 0.05），随遮荫的增强呈“先升后降”的变化规律，75%遮荫下最大，净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（T_r）的变化规律同光合色素相一致，胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）则是先降低后增加，在95%遮荫下的各指标（除C_i）均最低。重度遮荫抑制了云曼红豆杉光合作用，遮荫强度可以有效提高云曼红豆杉苗木（枝叶）10-DAB产量及矿质营养累积，云曼红豆杉苗木培育宜选50%-75%遮荫。

关键词: 遮荫, 云曼红豆杉, 10-DAB累积, 养分累积, 光合特性

Abstract:

Light is a necessary environment factor for plant growth. Revealing the effects of different shading treatments on the active component 10-deacetylbaccatine III（10-DAB），mineral nutrient accumulation and photosynthesis of Taxus madia × T.Yunnanensis ‘Yunman’（YM）seedlings would provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of YM forest and the construction of forest-grass composite ecosystems. 2-year-old yews of YM seedlings were used as materials，and 5 light intensity conditions（full light，30% shading，50% shading，75% shading，and 95% shading）were set to clarify the response strategy of YM to different light environments. The results showed that shading had a significant effect on the accumulation of 10-DAB in each growth period of YM seedlings（P<0.05）. The yield of 10-DAB showed an upward trend from April to October and reached a maximum in October. With the enhancement of shade，the accumulation of mineral elements in each part showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Among them，N and P were the highest under 75% shading treatment，and the contents of mineral nutrition in each part were in the order of leaf > root > stem，K was the highest under 50% shading treatment，and its content was in the order of leaf > stem > root. The photosynthetic pigment content of YM increased significantly under shading（P<0.05），and increased first and then decreased with the increase of shading. Under 75% shading，the photosynthetic pigment content was the highest. The changes in net photosynthetic rate（P_n），stomatal conductance（G_s），and transpiration rate（T_r）were consistent with the photosynthetic pigment content. The intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）decreased first and then increased，and the indexes（except C_i）were the lowest under 95% shading. In summary，heavy shading inhibited the photosynthesis of YM. Shading intensity can effectively improve 10-DAB yield and mineral nutrient accumulation of YM seedlings（branches and leaves），and 50%-75% shading is suitable for YM seedlings cultivation.

Key words: shading, Taxus madia × T. Yunnanensis ‘Yunman’, 10-DAB accumulation, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics

王刚, 罗建勋, 蒲尚饶, 李亚平, 王刚, 孙志鹏. 遮荫对云曼红豆杉活性成分10-DAB及矿质营养累积的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(11): 175-184.

WANG Gang, LUO Jian-xun, PU Shang-rao, LI Ya-ping, WANG Gang, SUN Zhi-peng. Effects of Shading on the Active Component 10-DAB and Mineral Nutrient Accumulation of Taxus madia × T. Yunnanensis ‘Yunman’[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(11): 175-184.

图/表 9

图1 不同遮荫处理云曼红豆杉苗木10-DAB含量、枝叶生物量不同小写字母表示各遮荫处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Fig. 1 10-DAB content and branch and leaf biomasses of YM（Taxus madia × T. Yunnanensis ‘Yunman’）seedlings in different shading treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among shading treatments（P<0.05）. The same below

图2 遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木10-DAB产量影响

Fig. 2 Effects of shading on the 10-DAB accumulation of YM seedlings

图3 遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木根茎叶的N、P、K含量的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of shading treatments on the N，P and K contents in the roots，stems and leaves of YM seedlings

图4 遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木N、P、K累积的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of shading treatments on the N，P and K accumulations of YM seedlings

图5 云曼红豆杉苗木根（a）、茎（b）和叶（c）中N、P、K含量及其化学计量比间的相关性分析 * 表示P<0.05，** 表示P<0.01

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis of N，P and K contents and th-eir stoichiometric ratios in the roots（a），stems（b）and leaves（c）of young YM seedlings * indicate P<0.05, ** indicate P<0.01

图6 云曼红豆杉苗木根（a）、茎（b）、叶（c）中N和P的回归分析

Fig. 6 Regression analysis of N and P in the root（a），stem（b），leaf（c）of YM seedlings

表1 不同遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响

Table 1 Effects of shading treatments on the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the leaves of YM seedlings

遮荫处理Shading treatment	叶绿素a Chl a/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素b Chl b/（mg·g^-1）	总叶绿素Total Chl/（mg·g^-1）	类胡萝卜素Carotenoids/（mg·g^-1）
CK	0.818±0.047b	0.627±0.034b	1.433±0.065b	0.563±0.029b
30%	0.957±0.059b	0.823±0.120a	1.787±0.237a	0.712±0.084a
50%	1.372±0.120a	0.835±0.129a	2.206±0.349a	0.841±0.149a
75%	1.532±0.112a	0.853±0.061a	2.315±0.231a	0.865±0.053a
95%	0.728±0.041b	0.535±0.037b	1.262±0.071b	0.496±0.053b

表2 不同遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木光合作用相关参数影响

Table 2 Effects of shading treatments on the relevant photosynthetic parameters of YM seedlings

遮荫处理 Shading treatment	净光合速率 P_n/ （μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	气孔导度 G_s/ （mol·m^-2·s^-1）	蒸腾速率T_r/ （mmol·m^-2·s^-1）	胞间CO₂浓度C_i/ （μmol·mol^-1）
CK	2.041±0.277b	0.071±0.077b	117.641±8.039b	6.496±0.202b
30%	2.971±0.093b	0.100±0.011ab	125.86±10.850b	2.558±0.073c
50%	4.509±0.245a	0.090±0.009ab	340.43±18.821a	0.853±0.078d
75%	5.298±0.806a	0.158±0.006a	439.322±8.357a	0.575±0.053d
95%	1.351±0.111b	0.057±0.017b	58.547±2.089c	8.686±0.113a

图7 不同遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉叶片光响应拟合曲线的影响

Fig. 7 Light response curve in the leaves of YM under diff-erent shading treatments

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